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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { L1Block } from "../L2/L1Block.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013
 * @title L1BlockNumber
 * @notice L1BlockNumber is a legacy contract that fills the roll of the OVM_L1BlockNumber contract
 *         in the old version of the Optimism system. Only necessary for backwards compatibility.
 *         If you want to access the L1 block number going forward, you should use the L1Block
 *         contract instead.
 */
contract L1BlockNumber is Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L1 block number.
     */
    receive() external payable {
        uint256 l1BlockNumber = getL1BlockNumber();
        assembly {
            mstore(0, l1BlockNumber)
            return(0, 32)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L1 block number.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
    fallback() external payable {
        uint256 l1BlockNumber = getL1BlockNumber();
        assembly {
            mstore(0, l1BlockNumber)
            return(0, 32)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest L1 block number.
     *
     * @return Latest L1 block number.
     */
    function getL1BlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).number();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { OptimismPortal } from "./OptimismPortal.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "../universal/CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L1CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice The L1CrossDomainMessenger is a message passing interface between L1 and L2 responsible
 *         for sending and receiving data on the L1 side. Users are encouraged to use this
 *         interface instead of interacting with lower-level contracts directly.
 */
contract L1CrossDomainMessenger is CrossDomainMessenger, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismPortal.
     */
    OptimismPortal public immutable PORTAL;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _portal Address of the OptimismPortal contract on this network.
     */
    constructor(OptimismPortal _portal)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER)
    {
        PORTAL = _portal;
        initialize(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _owner Address of the initial owner of this contract.
     */
    function initialize(address _owner) public initializer {
        __CrossDomainMessenger_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal override {
        PORTAL.depositTransaction{ value: _value }(_to, _value, _gasLimit, false, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == address(PORTAL) && PORTAL.l2Sender() == OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view override returns (bool) {
        return _target == address(this) || _target == address(PORTAL);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC721Bridge } from "../universal/ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { IERC721 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import { L2ERC721Bridge } from "../L2/L2ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title L1ERC721Bridge
 * @notice The L1 ERC721 bridge is a contract which works together with the L2 ERC721 bridge to
 *         make it possible to transfer ERC721 tokens from Ethereum to Optimism. This contract
 *         acts as an escrow for ERC721 tokens deposited into L2.
 */
contract L1ERC721Bridge is ERC721Bridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of L1 token to L2 token to ID to boolean, indicating if the given L1 token
     *         by ID was deposited for a given L2 token.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => bool))) public deposits;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        ERC721Bridge(_messenger, _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Completes an ERC721 bridge from the other domain and sends the ERC721 token to the
     *         recipient on this domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 token on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 token on the other domain.
     * @param _from        Address that triggered the bridge on the other domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on this domain.
     * @param _tokenId     ID of the token being deposited.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        require(_localToken != address(this), "L1ERC721Bridge: local token cannot be self");

        // Checks that the L1/L2 NFT pair has a token ID that is escrowed in the L1 Bridge.
        require(
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] == true,
            "L1ERC721Bridge: Token ID is not escrowed in the L1 Bridge"
        );

        // Mark that the token ID for this L1/L2 token pair is no longer escrowed in the L1
        // Bridge.
        deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] = false;

        // When a withdrawal is finalized on L1, the L1 Bridge transfers the NFT to the
        // withdrawer.
        IERC721(_localToken).safeTransferFrom(address(this), _to, _tokenId);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc ERC721Bridge
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal override {
        require(_remoteToken != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: remote token cannot be address(0)");

        // Construct calldata for _l2Token.finalizeBridgeERC721(_to, _tokenId)
        bytes memory message = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            L2ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721.selector,
            _remoteToken,
            _localToken,
            _from,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _extraData
        );

        // Lock token into bridge
        deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] = true;
        IERC721(_localToken).transferFrom(_from, address(this), _tokenId);

        // Send calldata into L2
        MESSENGER.sendMessage(OTHER_BRIDGE, message, _minGasLimit);
        emit ERC721BridgeInitiated(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { StandardBridge } from "../universal/StandardBridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L1StandardBridge
 * @notice The L1StandardBridge is responsible for transfering ETH and ERC20 tokens between L1 and
 *         L2. In the case that an ERC20 token is native to L1, it will be escrowed within this
 *         contract. If the ERC20 token is native to L2, it will be burnt. Before Bedrock, ETH was
 *         stored within this contract. After Bedrock, ETH is instead stored inside the
 *         OptimismPortal contract.
 *         NOTE: this contract is not intended to support all variations of ERC20 tokens. Examples
 *         of some token types that may not be properly supported by this contract include, but are
 *         not limited to: tokens with transfer fees, rebasing tokens, and tokens with blocklists.
 */
contract L1StandardBridge is StandardBridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a deposit of ETH from L1 into L2 is initiated.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event ETHDepositInitiated(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a withdrawal of ETH from L2 to L1 is finalized.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event ETHWithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 deposit is initiated.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event ERC20DepositInitiated(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 withdrawal is finalized.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event ERC20WithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
     */
    constructor(address payable _messenger)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        StandardBridge(_messenger, payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE))
    {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal of ERC20 tokens from L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param _l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _from      Address of the withdrawer on L2.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param _amount    Amount of the ERC20 to withdraw.
     * @param _extraData Optional data forwarded from L2.
     */
    function finalizeERC20Withdrawal(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        emit ERC20WithdrawalFinalized(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        finalizeBridgeERC20(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ETH into the sender's account on L2.
     *
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositETH(uint32 _minGasLimit, bytes calldata _extraData) external payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateETHDeposit(msg.sender, msg.sender, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ETH into a target account on L2.
     *         Note that if ETH is sent to a contract on L2 and the call fails, then that ETH will
     *         be locked in the L2StandardBridge. ETH may be recoverable if the call can be
     *         successfully replayed by increasing the amount of gas supplied to the call. If the
     *         call will fail for any amount of gas, then the ETH will be locked permanently.
     *
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable {
        _initiateETHDeposit(msg.sender, _to, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ERC20 tokens into the sender's account on L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositERC20(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateERC20Deposit(
            _l1Token,
            _l2Token,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ERC20 tokens into a target account on L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositERC20To(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external virtual {
        _initiateERC20Deposit(
            _l1Token,
            _l2Token,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal of ETH from L2.
     *
     * @param _from      Address of the withdrawer on L2.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param _amount    Amount of ETH to withdraw.
     * @param _extraData Optional data forwarded from L2.
     */
    function finalizeETHWithdrawal(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable onlyOtherBridge {
        emit ETHWithdrawalFinalized(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        finalizeBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the access of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     *
     * @return Address of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     */
    function l2TokenBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return address(OTHER_BRIDGE);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating an ETH deposit.
     *
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on L1.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2.
     */
    function _initiateETHDeposit(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        emit ETHDepositInitiated(_from, _to, msg.value, _extraData);
        _initiateBridgeETH(_from, _to, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating an ERC20 deposit.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on L1.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2.
     */
    function _initiateERC20Deposit(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        emit ERC20DepositInitiated(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        _initiateBridgeERC20(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L2OutputOracle
 * @notice The L2OutputOracle contains an array of L2 state outputs, where each output is a
 *         commitment to the state of the L2 chain. Other contracts like the OptimismPortal use
 *         these outputs to verify information about the state of L2.
 */
contract L2OutputOracle is Initializable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The interval in L2 blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted. Although this is
     *         immutable, it can safely be modified by upgrading the implementation contract.
     */
    uint256 public immutable SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;

    /**
     * @notice The time between L2 blocks in seconds. Once set, this value MUST NOT be modified.
     */
    uint256 public immutable L2_BLOCK_TIME;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the challenger. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable CHALLENGER;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the proposer. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable PROPOSER;

    /**
     * @notice The number of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingBlockNumber;

    /**
     * @notice The timestamp of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingTimestamp;

    /**
     * @notice Array of L2 output proposals.
     */
    Types.OutputProposal[] internal l2Outputs;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an output is proposed.
     *
     * @param outputRoot    The output root.
     * @param l2OutputIndex The index of the output in the l2Outputs array.
     * @param l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the output root.
     * @param l1Timestamp   The L1 timestamp when proposed.
     */
    event OutputProposed(
        bytes32 indexed outputRoot,
        uint256 indexed l2OutputIndex,
        uint256 indexed l2BlockNumber,
        uint256 l1Timestamp
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when outputs are deleted.
     *
     * @param prevNextOutputIndex Next L2 output index before the deletion.
     * @param newNextOutputIndex  Next L2 output index after the deletion.
     */
    event OutputsDeleted(uint256 indexed prevNextOutputIndex, uint256 indexed newNextOutputIndex);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _submissionInterval  Interval in blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted.
     * @param _l2BlockTime         The time per L2 block, in seconds.
     * @param _startingBlockNumber The number of the first L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp   The timestamp of the first L2 block.
     * @param _proposer            The address of the proposer.
     * @param _challenger          The address of the challenger.
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 _submissionInterval,
        uint256 _l2BlockTime,
        uint256 _startingBlockNumber,
        uint256 _startingTimestamp,
        address _proposer,
        address _challenger
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        SUBMISSION_INTERVAL = _submissionInterval;
        L2_BLOCK_TIME = _l2BlockTime;
        PROPOSER = _proposer;
        CHALLENGER = _challenger;

        initialize(_startingBlockNumber, _startingTimestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _startingBlockNumber Block number for the first recoded L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp   Timestamp for the first recoded L2 block.
     */
    function initialize(uint256 _startingBlockNumber, uint256 _startingTimestamp)
        public
        initializer
    {
        require(
            _startingTimestamp <= block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: starting L2 timestamp must be less than current time"
        );

        startingTimestamp = _startingTimestamp;
        startingBlockNumber = _startingBlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Deletes all output proposals after and including the proposal that corresponds to
     *         the given output index. Only the challenger address can delete outputs.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the first L2 output to be deleted. All outputs after this
     *                       output will also be deleted.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    function deleteL2Outputs(uint256 _l2OutputIndex) external {
        require(
            msg.sender == CHALLENGER,
            "L2OutputOracle: only the challenger address can delete outputs"
        );

        // Make sure we're not *increasing* the length of the array.
        require(
            _l2OutputIndex < l2Outputs.length,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot delete outputs after the latest output index"
        );

        uint256 prevNextL2OutputIndex = nextOutputIndex();

        // Use assembly to delete the array elements because Solidity doesn't allow it.
        assembly {
            sstore(l2Outputs.slot, _l2OutputIndex)
        }

        emit OutputsDeleted(prevNextL2OutputIndex, _l2OutputIndex);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts an outputRoot and the timestamp of the corresponding L2 block. The timestamp
     *         must be equal to the current value returned by `nextTimestamp()` in order to be
     *         accepted. This function may only be called by the Proposer.
     *
     * @param _outputRoot    The L2 output of the checkpoint block.
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number that resulted in _outputRoot.
     * @param _l1BlockHash   A block hash which must be included in the current chain.
     * @param _l1BlockNumber The block number with the specified block hash.
     */
    function proposeL2Output(
        bytes32 _outputRoot,
        uint256 _l2BlockNumber,
        bytes32 _l1BlockHash,
        uint256 _l1BlockNumber
    ) external payable {
        require(
            msg.sender == PROPOSER,
            "L2OutputOracle: only the proposer address can propose new outputs"
        );

        require(
            _l2BlockNumber == nextBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: block number must be equal to next expected block number"
        );

        require(
            computeL2Timestamp(_l2BlockNumber) < block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot propose L2 output in the future"
        );

        require(
            _outputRoot != bytes32(0),
            "L2OutputOracle: L2 output proposal cannot be the zero hash"
        );

        if (_l1BlockHash != bytes32(0)) {
            // This check allows the proposer to propose an output based on a given L1 block,
            // without fear that it will be reorged out.
            // It will also revert if the blockheight provided is more than 256 blocks behind the
            // chain tip (as the hash will return as zero). This does open the door to a griefing
            // attack in which the proposer's submission is censored until the block is no longer
            // retrievable, if the proposer is experiencing this attack it can simply leave out the
            // blockhash value, and delay submission until it is confident that the L1 block is
            // finalized.
            require(
                blockhash(_l1BlockNumber) == _l1BlockHash,
                "L2OutputOracle: block hash does not match the hash at the expected height"
            );
        }

        emit OutputProposed(_outputRoot, nextOutputIndex(), _l2BlockNumber, block.timestamp);

        l2Outputs.push(
            Types.OutputProposal({
                outputRoot: _outputRoot,
                timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
                l2BlockNumber: uint128(_l2BlockNumber)
            })
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an output by index. Exists because Solidity's array access will return a
     *         tuple instead of a struct.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the output to return.
     *
     * @return The output at the given index.
     */
    function getL2Output(uint256 _l2OutputIndex)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.OutputProposal memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[_l2OutputIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the L2 output that checkpoints a given L2 block number. Uses a
     *         binary search to find the first output greater than or equal to the given block.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return Index of the first checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputIndexAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        // Make sure an output for this block number has actually been proposed.
        require(
            _l2BlockNumber <= latestBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output for a block that has not been proposed"
        );

        // Make sure there's at least one output proposed.
        require(
            l2Outputs.length > 0,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output as no outputs have been proposed yet"
        );

        // Find the output via binary search, guaranteed to exist.
        uint256 lo = 0;
        uint256 hi = l2Outputs.length;
        while (lo < hi) {
            uint256 mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
            if (l2Outputs[mid].l2BlockNumber < _l2BlockNumber) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;
            }
        }

        return lo;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 output proposal that checkpoints a given L2 block number. Uses a
     *         binary search to find the first output greater than or equal to the given block.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return First checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.OutputProposal memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[getL2OutputIndexAfter(_l2BlockNumber)];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of outputs that have been proposed. Will revert if no outputs
     *         have been proposed yet.
     *
     * @return The number of outputs that have been proposed.
     */
    function latestOutputIndex() external view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length - 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the next output to be proposed.
     *
     * @return The index of the next output to be proposed.
     */
    function nextOutputIndex() public view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the block number of the latest submitted L2 output proposal. If no proposals
     *         been submitted yet then this function will return the starting block number.
     *
     * @return Latest submitted L2 block number.
     */
    function latestBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return
            l2Outputs.length == 0
                ? startingBlockNumber
                : l2Outputs[l2Outputs.length - 1].l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the block number of the next L2 block that needs to be checkpointed.
     *
     * @return Next L2 block number.
     */
    function nextBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return latestBlockNumber() + SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 timestamp corresponding to a given L2 block number.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the target block.
     *
     * @return L2 timestamp of the given block.
     */
    function computeL2Timestamp(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        return startingTimestamp + ((_l2BlockNumber - startingBlockNumber) * L2_BLOCK_TIME);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "./L2OutputOracle.sol";
import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { SecureMerkleTrie } from "../libraries/trie/SecureMerkleTrie.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
import { ResourceMetering } from "./ResourceMetering.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title OptimismPortal
 * @notice The OptimismPortal is a low-level contract responsible for passing messages between L1
 *         and L2. Messages sent directly to the OptimismPortal have no form of replayability.
 *         Users are encouraged to use the L1CrossDomainMessenger for a higher-level interface.
 */
contract OptimismPortal is Initializable, ResourceMetering, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Represents a proven withdrawal.
     *
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Root of the L2 output this was proven against.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp at whcih the withdrawal was proven.
     * @custom:field l2OutputIndex Index of the output this was proven against.
     */
    struct ProvenWithdrawal {
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2OutputIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version of the deposit event.
     */
    uint256 internal constant DEPOSIT_VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is deposited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint64 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 100_000;

    /**
     * @notice Additional gas reserved for clean up after finalizing a transaction withdrawal.
     */
    uint256 internal constant FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER = 20_000;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum time (in seconds) that must elapse before a withdrawal can be finalized.
     */
    uint256 public immutable FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2OutputOracle.
     */
    L2OutputOracle public immutable L2_ORACLE;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2 account which initiated a withdrawal in this transaction. If the
     *         of this variable is the default L2 sender address, then we are NOT inside of a call
     *         to finalizeWithdrawalTransaction.
     */
    address public l2Sender;

    /**
     * @notice A list of withdrawal hashes which have been successfully finalized.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public finalizedWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of withdrawal hashes to `ProvenWithdrawal` data.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => ProvenWithdrawal) public provenWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a transaction is deposited from L1 to L2. The parameters of this event
     *         are read by the rollup node and used to derive deposit transactions on L2.
     *
     * @param from       Address that triggered the deposit transaction.
     * @param to         Address that the deposit transaction is directed to.
     * @param version    Version of this deposit transaction event.
     * @param opaqueData ABI encoded deposit data to be parsed off-chain.
     */
    event TransactionDeposited(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 indexed version,
        bytes opaqueData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is proven.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     */
    event WithdrawalProven(
        bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash,
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is finalized.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     * @param success        Whether the withdrawal transaction was successful.
     */
    event WithdrawalFinalized(bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash, bool success);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _l2Oracle                  Address of the L2OutputOracle contract.
     * @param _finalizationPeriodSeconds Output finalization time in seconds.
     */
    constructor(L2OutputOracle _l2Oracle, uint256 _finalizationPeriodSeconds) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        L2_ORACLE = _l2Oracle;
        FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS = _finalizationPeriodSeconds;
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize() public initializer {
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
        __ResourceMetering_init();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts value so that users can send ETH directly to this contract and have the
     *         funds be deposited to their address on L2. This is intended as a convenience
     *         function for EOAs. Contracts should call the depositTransaction() function directly
     *         otherwise any deposited funds will be lost due to address aliasing.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    receive() external payable {
        depositTransaction(msg.sender, msg.value, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, false, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts ETH value without triggering a deposit to L2. This function mainly exists
     *         for the sake of the migration between the legacy Optimism system and Bedrock.
     */
    function donateETH() external payable {
        // Intentionally empty.
    }

    /**
     * @notice Proves a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx              Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     * @param _l2OutputIndex   L2 output index to prove against.
     * @param _outputRootProof Inclusion proof of the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract's storage root.
     * @param _withdrawalProof Inclusion proof of the withdrawal in L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
     */
    function proveWithdrawalTransaction(
        Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx,
        uint256 _l2OutputIndex,
        Types.OutputRootProof calldata _outputRootProof,
        bytes[] calldata _withdrawalProof
    ) external {
        // Prevent users from creating a deposit transaction where this address is the message
        // sender on L2. Because this is checked here, we do not need to check again in
        // `finalizeWithdrawalTransaction`.
        require(
            _tx.target != address(this),
            "OptimismPortal: you cannot send messages to the portal contract"
        );

        // Get the output root and load onto the stack to prevent multiple mloads. This will
        // revert if there is no output root for the given block number.
        bytes32 outputRoot = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).outputRoot;

        // Verify that the output root can be generated with the elements in the proof.
        require(
            outputRoot == Hashing.hashOutputRootProof(_outputRootProof),
            "OptimismPortal: invalid output root proof"
        );

        // Load the ProvenWithdrawal into memory, using the withdrawal hash as a unique identifier.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // We generally want to prevent users from proving the same withdrawal multiple times
        // because each successive proof will update the timestamp. A malicious user can take
        // advantage of this to prevent other users from finalizing their withdrawal. However,
        // since withdrawals are proven before an output root is finalized, we need to allow users
        // to re-prove their withdrawal only in the case that the output root for their specified
        // output index has been updated.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp == 0 ||
                (_l2OutputIndex == provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex &&
                    outputRoot != provenWithdrawal.outputRoot),
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal hash has already been proven"
        );

        // Compute the storage slot of the withdrawal hash in the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
        // Refer to the Solidity documentation for more information on how storage layouts are
        // computed for mappings.
        bytes32 storageKey = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                withdrawalHash,
                uint256(0) // The withdrawals mapping is at the first slot in the layout.
            )
        );

        // Verify that the hash of this withdrawal was stored in the L2toL1MessagePasser contract
        // on L2. If this is true, under the assumption that the SecureMerkleTrie does not have
        // bugs, then we know that this withdrawal was actually triggered on L2 and can therefore
        // be relayed on L1.
        require(
            SecureMerkleTrie.verifyInclusionProof(
                abi.encode(storageKey),
                hex"01",
                _withdrawalProof,
                _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot
            ),
            "OptimismPortal: invalid withdrawal inclusion proof"
        );

        // Designate the withdrawalHash as proven by storing the `outputRoot`, `timestamp`, and
        // `l2BlockNumber` in the `provenWithdrawals` mapping. A `withdrawalHash` can only be
        // proven once unless it is submitted again with a different outputRoot.
        provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = ProvenWithdrawal({
            outputRoot: outputRoot,
            timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
            l2OutputIndex: uint128(_l2OutputIndex)
        });

        // Emit a `WithdrawalProven` event.
        emit WithdrawalProven(withdrawalHash, _tx.sender, _tx.target);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     */
    function finalizeWithdrawalTransaction(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx) external {
        // Make sure that the l2Sender has not yet been set. The l2Sender is set to a value other
        // than the default value when a withdrawal transaction is being finalized. This check is
        // a defacto reentrancy guard.
        require(
            l2Sender == Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "OptimismPortal: can only trigger one withdrawal per transaction"
        );

        // Grab the proven withdrawal from the `provenWithdrawals` map.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // A withdrawal can only be finalized if it has been proven. We know that a withdrawal has
        // been proven at least once when its timestamp is non-zero. Unproven withdrawals will have
        // a timestamp of zero.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp != 0,
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal has not been proven yet"
        );

        // As a sanity check, we make sure that the proven withdrawal's timestamp is greater than
        // starting timestamp inside the L2OutputOracle. Not strictly necessary but extra layer of
        // safety against weird bugs in the proving step.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp >= L2_ORACLE.startingTimestamp(),
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal timestamp less than L2 Oracle starting timestamp"
        );

        // A proven withdrawal must wait at least the finalization period before it can be
        // finalized. This waiting period can elapse in parallel with the waiting period for the
        // output the withdrawal was proven against. In effect, this means that the minimum
        // withdrawal time is proposal submission time + finalization period.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(provenWithdrawal.timestamp),
            "OptimismPortal: proven withdrawal finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Grab the OutputProposal from the L2OutputOracle, will revert if the output that
        // corresponds to the given index has not been proposed yet.
        Types.OutputProposal memory proposal = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(
            provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex
        );

        // Check that the output root that was used to prove the withdrawal is the same as the
        // current output root for the given output index. An output root may change if it is
        // deleted by the challenger address and then re-proposed.
        require(
            proposal.outputRoot == provenWithdrawal.outputRoot,
            "OptimismPortal: output root proven is not the same as current output root"
        );

        // Check that the output proposal has also been finalized.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(proposal.timestamp),
            "OptimismPortal: output proposal finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Check that this withdrawal has not already been finalized, this is replay protection.
        require(
            finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] == false,
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal has already been finalized"
        );

        // Mark the withdrawal as finalized so it can't be replayed.
        finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = true;

        // We want to maintain the property that the amount of gas supplied to the call to the
        // target contract is at least the gas limit specified by the user. We can do this by
        // enforcing that, at this point in time, we still have gaslimit + buffer gas available.
        require(
            gasleft() >= _tx.gasLimit + FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER,
            "OptimismPortal: insufficient gas to finalize withdrawal"
        );

        // Set the l2Sender so contracts know who triggered this withdrawal on L2.
        l2Sender = _tx.sender;

        // Trigger the call to the target contract. We use SafeCall because we don't
        // care about the returndata and we don't want target contracts to be able to force this
        // call to run out of gas via a returndata bomb.
        bool success = SafeCall.call(
            _tx.target,
            gasleft() - FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER,
            _tx.value,
            _tx.data
        );

        // Reset the l2Sender back to the default value.
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        // All withdrawals are immediately finalized. Replayability can
        // be achieved through contracts built on top of this contract
        emit WithdrawalFinalized(withdrawalHash, success);

        // Reverting here is useful for determining the exact gas cost to successfully execute the
        // sub call to the target contract if the minimum gas limit specified by the user would not
        // be sufficient to execute the sub call.
        if (success == false && tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
            revert("OptimismPortal: withdrawal failed");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts deposits of ETH and data, and emits a TransactionDeposited event for use in
     *         deriving deposit transactions. Note that if a deposit is made by a contract, its
     *         address will be aliased when retrieved using `tx.origin` or `msg.sender`. Consider
     *         using the CrossDomainMessenger contracts for a simpler developer experience.
     *
     * @param _to         Target address on L2.
     * @param _value      ETH value to send to the recipient.
     * @param _gasLimit   Minimum L2 gas limit (can be greater than or equal to this value).
     * @param _isCreation Whether or not the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @param _data       Data to trigger the recipient with.
     */
    function depositTransaction(
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        bool _isCreation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable metered(_gasLimit) {
        // Just to be safe, make sure that people specify address(0) as the target when doing
        // contract creations.
        if (_isCreation) {
            require(
                _to == address(0),
                "OptimismPortal: must send to address(0) when creating a contract"
            );
        }

        // Transform the from-address to its alias if the caller is a contract.
        address from = msg.sender;
        if (msg.sender != tx.origin) {
            from = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender);
        }

        // Compute the opaque data that will be emitted as part of the TransactionDeposited event.
        // We use opaque data so that we can update the TransactionDeposited event in the future
        // without breaking the current interface.
        bytes memory opaqueData = abi.encodePacked(
            msg.value,
            _value,
            _gasLimit,
            _isCreation,
            _data
        );

        // Emit a TransactionDeposited event so that the rollup node can derive a deposit
        // transaction for this deposit.
        emit TransactionDeposited(from, _to, DEPOSIT_VERSION, opaqueData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determine if a given output is finalized. Reverts if the call to
     *         L2_ORACLE.getL2Output reverts. Returns a boolean otherwise.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the L2 output to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the output is finalized.
     */
    function isOutputFinalized(uint256 _l2OutputIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).timestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether the finalization period has elapsed w/r/t a given timestamp.
     *
     * @param _timestamp Timestamp to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the finalization period has elapsed.
     */
    function _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(uint256 _timestamp) internal view returns (bool) {
        return block.timestamp > _timestamp + FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { Burn } from "../libraries/Burn.sol";
import { Arithmetic } from "../libraries/Arithmetic.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title ResourceMetering
 * @notice ResourceMetering implements an EIP-1559 style resource metering system where pricing
 *         updates automatically based on current demand.
 */
abstract contract ResourceMetering is Initializable {
    /**
     * @notice Represents the various parameters that control the way in which resources are
     *         metered. Corresponds to the EIP-1559 resource metering system.
     *
     * @custom:field prevBaseFee   Base fee from the previous block(s).
     * @custom:field prevBoughtGas Amount of gas bought so far in the current block.
     * @custom:field prevBlockNum  Last block number that the base fee was updated.
     */
    struct ResourceParams {
        uint128 prevBaseFee;
        uint64 prevBoughtGas;
        uint64 prevBlockNum;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Maximum amount of the resource that can be used within this block.
     */
    int256 public constant MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT = 8_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice Along with the resource limit, determines the target resource limit.
     */
    int256 public constant ELASTICITY_MULTIPLIER = 4;

    /**
     * @notice Target amount of the resource that should be used within this block.
     */
    int256 public constant TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT = MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT / ELASTICITY_MULTIPLIER;

    /**
     * @notice Denominator that determines max change on fee per block.
     */
    int256 public constant BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR = 8;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum base fee value, cannot go lower than this.
     */
    int256 public constant MINIMUM_BASE_FEE = 10_000;

    /**
     * @notice Maximum base fee value, cannot go higher than this.
     */
    int256 public constant MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE = int256(uint256(type(uint128).max));

    /**
     * @notice Initial base fee value.
     */
    uint128 public constant INITIAL_BASE_FEE = 1_000_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice EIP-1559 style gas parameters.
     */
    ResourceParams public params;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     */
    uint256[48] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Meters access to a function based an amount of a requested resource.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of the resource requested.
     */
    modifier metered(uint64 _amount) {
        // Record initial gas amount so we can refund for it later.
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();

        // Run the underlying function.
        _;

        // Update block number and base fee if necessary.
        uint256 blockDiff = block.number - params.prevBlockNum;
        if (blockDiff > 0) {
            // Handle updating EIP-1559 style gas parameters. We use EIP-1559 to restrict the rate
            // at which deposits can be created and therefore limit the potential for deposits to
            // spam the L2 system. Fee scheme is very similar to EIP-1559 with minor changes.
            int256 gasUsedDelta = int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) - TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT;
            int256 baseFeeDelta = (int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) * gasUsedDelta) /
                TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT /
                BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR;

            // Update base fee by adding the base fee delta and clamp the resulting value between
            // min and max.
            int256 newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp(
                int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) + baseFeeDelta,
                MINIMUM_BASE_FEE,
                MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE
            );

            // If we skipped more than one block, we also need to account for every empty block.
            // Empty block means there was no demand for deposits in that block, so we should
            // reflect this lack of demand in the fee.
            if (blockDiff > 1) {
                // Update the base fee by repeatedly applying the exponent 1-(1/change_denominator)
                // blockDiff - 1 times. Simulates multiple empty blocks. Clamp the resulting value
                // between min and max.
                newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp(
                    Arithmetic.cdexp(
                        newBaseFee,
                        BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR,
                        int256(blockDiff - 1)
                    ),
                    MINIMUM_BASE_FEE,
                    MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE
                );
            }

            // Update new base fee, reset bought gas, and update block number.
            params.prevBaseFee = uint128(uint256(newBaseFee));
            params.prevBoughtGas = 0;
            params.prevBlockNum = uint64(block.number);
        }

        // Make sure we can actually buy the resource amount requested by the user.
        params.prevBoughtGas += _amount;
        require(
            int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) <= MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT,
            "ResourceMetering: cannot buy more gas than available gas limit"
        );

        // Determine the amount of ETH to be paid.
        uint256 resourceCost = _amount * params.prevBaseFee;

        // We currently charge for this ETH amount as an L1 gas burn, so we convert the ETH amount
        // into gas by dividing by the L1 base fee. We assume a minimum base fee of 1 gwei to avoid
        // division by zero for L1s that don't support 1559 or to avoid excessive gas burns during
        // periods of extremely low L1 demand. One-day average gas fee hasn't dipped below 1 gwei
        // during any 1 day period in the last 5 years, so should be fine.
        uint256 gasCost = resourceCost / Math.max(block.basefee, 1000000000);

        // Give the user a refund based on the amount of gas they used to do all of the work up to
        // this point. Since we're at the end of the modifier, this should be pretty accurate. Acts
        // effectively like a dynamic stipend (with a minimum value).
        uint256 usedGas = initialGas - gasleft();
        if (gasCost > usedGas) {
            Burn.gas(gasCost - usedGas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets initial resource parameter values. This function must either be called by the
     *         initializer function of an upgradeable child contract.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __ResourceMetering_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        params = ResourceParams({
            prevBaseFee: INITIAL_BASE_FEE,
            prevBoughtGas: 0,
            prevBlockNum: uint64(block.number)
        });
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title SystemConfig
 * @notice The SystemConfig contract is used to manage configuration of an Optimism network. All
 *         configuration is stored on L1 and picked up by L2 as part of the derviation of the L2
 *         chain.
 */
contract SystemConfig is OwnableUpgradeable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Enum representing different types of updates.
     *
     * @custom:value BATCHER              Represents an update to the batcher hash.
     * @custom:value GAS_CONFIG           Represents an update to txn fee config on L2.
     * @custom:value GAS_LIMIT            Represents an update to gas limit on L2.
     * @custom:value UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER  Represents an update to the signer key for unsafe
     *                                    block distrubution.
     */
    enum UpdateType {
        BATCHER,
        GAS_CONFIG,
        GAS_LIMIT,
        UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version identifier, used for upgrades.
     */
    uint256 public constant VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Storage slot that the unsafe block signer is stored at. Storing it at this
     *         deterministic storage slot allows for decoupling the storage layout from the way
     *         that `solc` lays out storage. The `op-node` uses a storage proof to fetch this value.
     */
    bytes32 public constant UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT = keccak256("systemconfig.unsafeblocksigner");

    /**
     * @notice Minimum gas limit. This should not be lower than the maximum deposit gas resource
     *         limit in the ResourceMetering contract used by OptimismPortal, to ensure the L2
     *         block always has sufficient gas to process deposits.
     */
    uint64 public constant MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT = 8_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice Fixed L2 gas overhead.
     */
    uint256 public overhead;

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic L2 gas overhead.
     */
    uint256 public scalar;

    /**
     * @notice Identifier for the batcher. For version 1 of this configuration, this is represented
     *         as an address left-padded with zeros to 32 bytes.
     */
    bytes32 public batcherHash;

    /**
     * @notice L2 gas limit.
     */
    uint64 public gasLimit;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when configuration is updated
     *
     * @param version    SystemConfig version.
     * @param updateType Type of update.
     * @param data       Encoded update data.
     */
    event ConfigUpdate(uint256 indexed version, UpdateType indexed updateType, bytes data);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _owner       Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead    Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar      Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit    Initial gas limit.
     */
    constructor(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        initialize(_owner, _overhead, _scalar, _batcherHash, _gasLimit, _unsafeBlockSigner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _owner       Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead    Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar      Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit    Initial gas limit.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner
    ) public initializer {
        require(_gasLimit >= MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT, "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        __Ownable_init();
        transferOwnership(_owner);
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice High level getter for the unsafe block signer address.
     *         Unsafe blocks can be propagated across the p2p network
     *         if they are signed by the key corresponding to this address.
     */
    function unsafeBlockSigner() public view returns (address) {
        address addr;
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            addr := sload(slot)
        }
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the batcher hash.
     *
     * @param _batcherHash New batcher hash.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    function setBatcherHash(bytes32 _batcherHash) external onlyOwner {
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_batcherHash);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.BATCHER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates gas config.
     *
     * @param _overhead New overhead value.
     * @param _scalar   New scalar value.
     */
    function setGasConfig(uint256 _overhead, uint256 _scalar) external onlyOwner {
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_overhead, _scalar);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_CONFIG, data);
    }

    function setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) external onlyOwner {
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_unsafeBlockSigner);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Low level setter for the unsafe block signer address.
     *         This function exists to deduplicate code around storing
     *         the unsafeBlockSigner address in storage.
     *
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner New unsafeBlockSigner value
     */
    function _setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) internal {
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _unsafeBlockSigner)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the L2 gas limit.
     *
     * @param _gasLimit New gas limit.
     */
    function setGasLimit(uint64 _gasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        require(_gasLimit >= MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT, "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_gasLimit);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_LIMIT, data);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019
 * @title BaseFeeVault
 * @notice The BaseFeeVault accumulates the base fee that is paid by transactions.
 */
contract BaseFeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";

/**
 * @title CrossDomainOwnable
 * @notice This contract extends the OpenZeppelin `Ownable` contract for L2 contracts to be owned
 *         by contracts on L1. Note that this contract is only safe to be used if the
 *         CrossDomainMessenger system is bypassed and the caller on L1 is calling the
 *         OptimismPortal directly.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainOwnable is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Overrides the implementation of the `onlyOwner` modifier to check that the unaliased
     *         `msg.sender` is the owner of the contract.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view override {
        require(
            owner() == AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
            "CrossDomainOwnable: caller is not the owner"
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { L2CrossDomainMessenger } from "./L2CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @title CrossDomainOwnable2
 * @notice This contract extends the OpenZeppelin `Ownable` contract for L2 contracts to be owned
 *         by contracts on L1. Note that this contract is meant to be used with systems that use
 *         the CrossDomainMessenger system. It will not work if the OptimismPortal is used
 *         directly.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainOwnable2 is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Overrides the implementation of the `onlyOwner` modifier to check that the unaliased
     *         `xDomainMessageSender` is the owner of the contract. This value is set to the caller
     *         of the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view override {
        L2CrossDomainMessenger messenger = L2CrossDomainMessenger(
            Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER
        );

        require(
            msg.sender == address(messenger),
            "CrossDomainOwnable2: caller is not the messenger"
        );

        require(
            owner() == messenger.xDomainMessageSender(),
            "CrossDomainOwnable2: caller is not the owner"
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { L1Block } from "../L2/L1Block.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F
 * @title GasPriceOracle
 * @notice This contract maintains the variables responsible for computing the L1 portion of the
 *         total fee charged on L2. Before Bedrock, this contract held variables in state that were
 *         read during the state transition function to compute the L1 portion of the transaction
 *         fee. After Bedrock, this contract now simply proxies the L1Block contract, which has
 *         the values used to compute the L1 portion of the fee in its state.
 *
 *         The contract exposes an API that is useful for knowing how large the L1 portion of the
 *         transaction fee will be. The following events were deprecated with Bedrock:
 *         - event OverheadUpdated(uint256 overhead);
 *         - event ScalarUpdated(uint256 scalar);
 *         - event DecimalsUpdated(uint256 decimals);
 */
contract GasPriceOracle is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Number of decimals used in the scalar.
     */
    uint256 public constant DECIMALS = 6;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Computes the L1 portion of the fee based on the size of the rlp encoded input
     *         transaction, the current L1 base fee, and the various dynamic parameters.
     *
     * @param _data Unsigned fully RLP-encoded transaction to get the L1 fee for.
     *
     * @return L1 fee that should be paid for the tx
     */
    function getL1Fee(bytes memory _data) external view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 l1GasUsed = getL1GasUsed(_data);
        uint256 l1Fee = l1GasUsed * l1BaseFee();
        uint256 divisor = 10**DECIMALS;
        uint256 unscaled = l1Fee * scalar();
        uint256 scaled = unscaled / divisor;
        return scaled;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current gas price (base fee).
     *
     * @return Current L2 gas price (base fee).
     */
    function gasPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
        return block.basefee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current base fee.
     *
     * @return Current L2 base fee.
     */
    function baseFee() public view returns (uint256) {
        return block.basefee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current fee overhead.
     *
     * @return Current fee overhead.
     */
    function overhead() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).l1FeeOverhead();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current fee scalar.
     *
     * @return Current fee scalar.
     */
    function scalar() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).l1FeeScalar();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest known L1 base fee.
     *
     * @return Latest known L1 base fee.
     */
    function l1BaseFee() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).basefee();
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the number of decimals used in the scalar.
     *
     * @return Number of decimals used in the scalar.
     */
    function decimals() public pure returns (uint256) {
        return DECIMALS;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the amount of L1 gas used for a transaction. Adds the overhead which
     *         represents the per-transaction gas overhead of posting the transaction and state
     *         roots to L1. Adds 68 bytes of padding to account for the fact that the input does
     *         not have a signature.
     *
     * @param _data Unsigned fully RLP-encoded transaction to get the L1 gas for.
     *
     * @return Amount of L1 gas used to publish the transaction.
     */
    function getL1GasUsed(bytes memory _data) public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 total = 0;
        uint256 length = _data.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            if (_data[i] == 0) {
                total += 4;
            } else {
                total += 16;
            }
        }
        uint256 unsigned = total + overhead();
        return unsigned + (68 * 16);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015
 * @title L1Block
 * @notice The L1Block predeploy gives users access to information about the last known L1 block.
 *         Values within this contract are updated once per epoch (every L1 block) and can only be
 *         set by the "depositor" account, a special system address. Depositor account transactions
 *         are created by the protocol whenever we move to a new epoch.
 */
contract L1Block is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the special depositor account.
     */
    address public constant DEPOSITOR_ACCOUNT = 0xDeaDDEaDDeAdDeAdDEAdDEaddeAddEAdDEAd0001;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 block number known by the L2 system.
     */
    uint64 public number;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 timestamp known by the L2 system.
     */
    uint64 public timestamp;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 basefee.
     */
    uint256 public basefee;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 blockhash.
     */
    bytes32 public hash;

    /**
     * @notice The number of L2 blocks in the same epoch.
     */
    uint64 public sequenceNumber;

    /**
     * @notice The versioned hash to authenticate the batcher by.
     */
    bytes32 public batcherHash;

    /**
     * @notice The overhead value applied to the L1 portion of the transaction
     *         fee.
     */
    uint256 public l1FeeOverhead;

    /**
     * @notice The scalar value applied to the L1 portion of the transaction fee.
     */
    uint256 public l1FeeScalar;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Updates the L1 block values.
     *
     * @param _number         L1 blocknumber.
     * @param _timestamp      L1 timestamp.
     * @param _basefee        L1 basefee.
     * @param _hash           L1 blockhash.
     * @param _sequenceNumber Number of L2 blocks since epoch start.
     * @param _batcherHash    Versioned hash to authenticate batcher by.
     * @param _l1FeeOverhead  L1 fee overhead.
     * @param _l1FeeScalar    L1 fee scalar.
     */
    function setL1BlockValues(
        uint64 _number,
        uint64 _timestamp,
        uint256 _basefee,
        bytes32 _hash,
        uint64 _sequenceNumber,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint256 _l1FeeOverhead,
        uint256 _l1FeeScalar
    ) external {
        require(
            msg.sender == DEPOSITOR_ACCOUNT,
            "L1Block: only the depositor account can set L1 block values"
        );

        number = _number;
        timestamp = _timestamp;
        basefee = _basefee;
        hash = _hash;
        sequenceNumber = _sequenceNumber;
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;
        l1FeeOverhead = _l1FeeOverhead;
        l1FeeScalar = _l1FeeScalar;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A
 * @title L1FeeVault
 * @notice The L1FeeVault accumulates the L1 portion of the transaction fees.
 */
contract L1FeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "../universal/CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { L2ToL1MessagePasser } from "./L2ToL1MessagePasser.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007
 * @title L2CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice The L2CrossDomainMessenger is a high-level interface for message passing between L1 and
 *         L2 on the L2 side. Users are generally encouraged to use this contract instead of lower
 *         level message passing contracts.
 */
contract L2CrossDomainMessenger is CrossDomainMessenger, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _l1CrossDomainMessenger Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger contract.
     */
    constructor(address _l1CrossDomainMessenger)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        CrossDomainMessenger(_l1CrossDomainMessenger)
    {
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize() public initializer {
        __CrossDomainMessenger_init();
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the remote messenger. Use otherMessenger going forward.
     *
     * @return Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger contract.
     */
    function l1CrossDomainMessenger() public view returns (address) {
        return OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal override {
        L2ToL1MessagePasser(payable(Predeploys.L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER)).initiateWithdrawal{
            value: _value
        }(_to, _gasLimit, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender) == OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view override returns (bool) {
        return _target == address(this) || _target == address(Predeploys.L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC721Bridge } from "../universal/ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { ERC165Checker } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import { L1ERC721Bridge } from "../L1/L1ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC721 } from "../universal/IOptimismMintableERC721.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title L2ERC721Bridge
 * @notice The L2 ERC721 bridge is a contract which works together with the L1 ERC721 bridge to
 *         make it possible to transfer ERC721 tokens from Ethereum to Optimism. This contract
 *         acts as a minter for new tokens when it hears about deposits into the L1 ERC721 bridge.
 *         This contract also acts as a burner for tokens being withdrawn.
 *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
 *         bridge ONLY supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
 *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
 *         can be refunded on L2.
 */
contract L2ERC721Bridge is ERC721Bridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        ERC721Bridge(_messenger, _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Completes an ERC721 bridge from the other domain and sends the ERC721 token to the
     *         recipient on this domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 token on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 token on the other domain.
     * @param _from        Address that triggered the bridge on the other domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on this domain.
     * @param _tokenId     ID of the token being deposited.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L1. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L1 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        require(_localToken != address(this), "L2ERC721Bridge: local token cannot be self");

        // Note that supportsInterface makes a callback to the _localToken address which is user
        // provided.
        require(
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_localToken, type(IOptimismMintableERC721).interfaceId),
            "L2ERC721Bridge: local token interface is not compliant"
        );

        require(
            _remoteToken == IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).remoteToken(),
            "L2ERC721Bridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC721 local token"
        );

        // When a deposit is finalized, we give the NFT with the same tokenId to the account
        // on L2. Note that safeMint makes a callback to the _to address which is user provided.
        IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).safeMint(_to, _tokenId);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc ERC721Bridge
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal override {
        require(_remoteToken != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: remote token cannot be address(0)");

        // Check that the withdrawal is being initiated by the NFT owner
        require(
            _from == IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).ownerOf(_tokenId),
            "Withdrawal is not being initiated by NFT owner"
        );

        // Construct calldata for l1ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721(_to, _tokenId)
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        address remoteToken = IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).remoteToken();
        require(
            remoteToken == _remoteToken,
            "L2ERC721Bridge: remote token does not match given value"
        );

        // When a withdrawal is initiated, we burn the withdrawer's NFT to prevent subsequent L2
        // usage
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).burn(_from, _tokenId);

        bytes memory message = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            L1ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721.selector,
            remoteToken,
            _localToken,
            _from,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _extraData
        );

        // Send message to L1 bridge
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        MESSENGER.sendMessage(OTHER_BRIDGE, message, _minGasLimit);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeInitiated(_localToken, remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { StandardBridge } from "../universal/StandardBridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010
 * @title L2StandardBridge
 * @notice The L2StandardBridge is responsible for transfering ETH and ERC20 tokens between L1 and
 *         L2. In the case that an ERC20 token is native to L2, it will be escrowed within this
 *         contract. If the ERC20 token is native to L1, it will be burnt.
 *         NOTE: this contract is not intended to support all variations of ERC20 tokens. Examples
 *         of some token types that may not be properly supported by this contract include, but are
 *         not limited to: tokens with transfer fees, rebasing tokens, and tokens with blocklists.
 */
contract L2StandardBridge is StandardBridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a withdrawal from L2 to L1 is initiated.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event WithdrawalInitiated(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 deposit is finalized.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event DepositFinalized(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the L1StandardBridge.
     */
    constructor(address payable _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER), _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Initiates a withdrawal from L2 to L1.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function withdraw(
        address _l2Token,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateWithdrawal(_l2Token, msg.sender, msg.sender, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Initiates a withdrawal from L2 to L1 to a target account on L1.
     *         Note that if ETH is sent to a contract on L1 and the call fails, then that ETH will
     *         be locked in the L1StandardBridge. ETH may be recoverable if the call can be
     *         successfully replayed by increasing the amount of gas supplied to the call. If the
     *         call will fail for any amount of gas, then the ETH will be locked permanently.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _to          Recipient account on L1.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function withdrawTo(
        address _l2Token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual {
        _initiateWithdrawal(_l2Token, msg.sender, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a deposit from L1 to L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token   Address of the L1 token to deposit.
     * @param _l2Token   Address of the corresponding L2 token.
     * @param _from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient.
     * @param _amount    Amount of the tokens being deposited.
     * @param _extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    function finalizeDeposit(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual {
        if (_l1Token == address(0) && _l2Token == Predeploys.LEGACY_ERC20_ETH) {
            finalizeBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        } else {
            finalizeBridgeERC20(_l2Token, _l1Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        }

        emit DepositFinalized(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the access of the corresponding L1 bridge contract.
     *
     * @return Address of the corresponding L1 bridge contract.
     */
    function l1TokenBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return address(OTHER_BRIDGE);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Internal function to a withdrawal from L2 to L1 to a target account on L1.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _from        Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param _to          Recipient account on L1.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function _initiateWithdrawal(
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        address l1Token = OptimismMintableERC20(_l2Token).l1Token();
        if (_l2Token == Predeploys.LEGACY_ERC20_ETH) {
            _initiateBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
        } else {
            _initiateBridgeERC20(_l2Token, l1Token, _from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
        }

        emit WithdrawalInitiated(l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { Encoding } from "../libraries/Encoding.sol";
import { Burn } from "../libraries/Burn.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016
 * @title L2ToL1MessagePasser
 * @notice The L2ToL1MessagePasser is a dedicated contract where messages that are being sent from
 *         L2 to L1 can be stored. The storage root of this contract is pulled up to the top level
 *         of the L2 output to reduce the cost of proving the existence of sent messages.
 */
contract L2ToL1MessagePasser is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The L1 gas limit set when eth is withdrawn using the receive() function.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 100_000;

    /**
     * @notice Current message version identifier.
     */
    uint16 public constant MESSAGE_VERSION = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Includes the message hashes for all withdrawals
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public sentMessages;

    /**
     * @notice A unique value hashed with each withdrawal.
     */
    uint240 internal msgNonce;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted any time a withdrawal is initiated.
     *
     * @param nonce          Unique value corresponding to each withdrawal.
     * @param sender         The L2 account address which initiated the withdrawal.
     * @param target         The L1 account address the call will be send to.
     * @param value          The ETH value submitted for withdrawal, to be forwarded to the target.
     * @param gasLimit       The minimum amount of gas that must be provided when withdrawing.
     * @param data           The data to be forwarded to the target on L1.
     * @param withdrawalHash The hash of the withdrawal.
     */
    event MessagePassed(
        uint256 indexed nonce,
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed target,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes data,
        bytes32 withdrawalHash
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the balance of this contract is burned.
     *
     * @param amount Amount of ETh that was burned.
     */
    event WithdrawerBalanceBurnt(uint256 indexed amount);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Allows users to withdraw ETH by sending directly to this contract.
     */
    receive() external payable {
        initiateWithdrawal(msg.sender, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes all ETH held by this contract from the state. Used to prevent the amount of
     *         ETH on L2 inflating when ETH is withdrawn. Currently only way to do this is to
     *         create a contract and self-destruct it to itself. Anyone can call this function. Not
     *         incentivized since this function is very cheap.
     */
    function burn() external {
        uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
        Burn.eth(balance);
        emit WithdrawerBalanceBurnt(balance);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a message from L2 to L1.
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call on L1 execution.
     * @param _gasLimit Minimum gas limit for executing the message on L1.
     * @param _data     Data to forward to L1 target.
     */
    function initiateWithdrawal(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(
            Types.WithdrawalTransaction({
                nonce: messageNonce(),
                sender: msg.sender,
                target: _target,
                value: msg.value,
                gasLimit: _gasLimit,
                data: _data
            })
        );

        sentMessages[withdrawalHash] = true;

        emit MessagePassed(
            messageNonce(),
            msg.sender,
            _target,
            msg.value,
            _gasLimit,
            _data,
            withdrawalHash
        );

        unchecked {
            ++msgNonce;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the next message nonce. Message version will be added to the upper two
     *         bytes of the message nonce. Message version allows us to treat messages as having
     *         different structures.
     *
     * @return Nonce of the next message to be sent, with added message version.
     */
    function messageNonce() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Encoding.encodeVersionedNonce(msgNonce, MESSAGE_VERSION);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011
 * @title SequencerFeeVault
 * @notice The SequencerFeeVault is the contract that holds any fees paid to the Sequencer during
 *         transaction processing and block production.
 */
contract SequencerFeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the recipient address.
     *
     * @return The recipient address.
     */
    function l1FeeWallet() public view returns (address) {
        return RECIPIENT;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { OptimismPortal } from "../L1/OptimismPortal.sol";

/**
 * @title PortalSender
 * @notice The PortalSender is a simple intermediate contract that will transfer the balance of the
 *         L1StandardBridge to the OptimismPortal during the Bedrock migration.
 */
contract PortalSender {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismPortal contract.
     */
    OptimismPortal public immutable PORTAL;

    /**
     * @param _portal Address of the OptimismPortal contract.
     */
    constructor(OptimismPortal _portal) {
        PORTAL = _portal;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends balance of this contract to the OptimismPortal.
     */
    function donate() public {
        PORTAL.donateETH{ value: address(this).balance }();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "../L1/L2OutputOracle.sol";
import { OptimismPortal } from "../L1/OptimismPortal.sol";
import { L1CrossDomainMessenger } from "../L1/L1CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { L1ERC721Bridge } from "../L1/L1ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { L1StandardBridge } from "../L1/L1StandardBridge.sol";
import { L1ChugSplashProxy } from "../legacy/L1ChugSplashProxy.sol";
import { AddressManager } from "../legacy/AddressManager.sol";
import { Proxy } from "../universal/Proxy.sol";
import { ProxyAdmin } from "../universal/ProxyAdmin.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20Factory } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20Factory.sol";
import { PortalSender } from "./PortalSender.sol";
import { SystemConfig } from "../L1/SystemConfig.sol";

/**
 * @title SystemDictator
 * @notice The SystemDictator is responsible for coordinating the deployment of a full Bedrock
 *         system. The SystemDictator is designed to support both fresh network deployments and
 *         upgrades to existing pre-Bedrock systems.
 */
contract SystemDictator is OwnableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @notice Basic system configuration.
     */
    struct GlobalConfig {
        AddressManager addressManager;
        ProxyAdmin proxyAdmin;
        address controller;
        address finalOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set of proxy addresses.
     */
    struct ProxyAddressConfig {
        address l2OutputOracleProxy;
        address optimismPortalProxy;
        address l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy;
        address l1StandardBridgeProxy;
        address optimismMintableERC20FactoryProxy;
        address l1ERC721BridgeProxy;
        address systemConfigProxy;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set of implementation addresses.
     */
    struct ImplementationAddressConfig {
        L2OutputOracle l2OutputOracleImpl;
        OptimismPortal optimismPortalImpl;
        L1CrossDomainMessenger l1CrossDomainMessengerImpl;
        L1StandardBridge l1StandardBridgeImpl;
        OptimismMintableERC20Factory optimismMintableERC20FactoryImpl;
        L1ERC721Bridge l1ERC721BridgeImpl;
        PortalSender portalSenderImpl;
        SystemConfig systemConfigImpl;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     */
    struct L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig {
        uint256 l2OutputOracleStartingBlockNumber;
        uint256 l2OutputOracleStartingTimestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Values for the system config contract.
     */
    struct SystemConfigConfig {
        address owner;
        uint256 overhead;
        uint256 scalar;
        bytes32 batcherHash;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        address unsafeBlockSigner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Combined system configuration.
     */
    struct DeployConfig {
        GlobalConfig globalConfig;
        ProxyAddressConfig proxyAddressConfig;
        ImplementationAddressConfig implementationAddressConfig;
        SystemConfigConfig systemConfigConfig;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Step after which exit 1 can no longer be used.
     */
    uint8 public constant EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP = 3;

    /**
     * @notice Step where proxy ownership is transferred.
     */
    uint8 public constant PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP = 4;

    /**
     * @notice System configuration.
     */
    DeployConfig public config;

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic configuration for the L2OutputOracle.
     */
    L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig public l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig;

    /**
     * @notice Current step;
     */
    uint8 public currentStep;

    /**
     * @notice Whether or not dynamic config has been set.
     */
    bool public dynamicConfigSet;

    /**
     * @notice Whether or not the deployment is finalized.
     */
    bool public finalized;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the old L1CrossDomainMessenger implementation.
     */
    address public oldL1CrossDomainMessenger;

    /**
     * @notice Checks that the current step is the expected step, then bumps the current step.
     *
     * @param _step Current step.
     */
    modifier step(uint8 _step) {
        require(currentStep == _step, "BaseSystemDictator: incorrect step");
        _;
        currentStep++;
    }

    /**
     * @param _config System configuration.
     */
    function initialize(DeployConfig memory _config) public initializer {
        config = _config;
        currentStep = 1;
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.controller);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner to update dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig Dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     */
    function updateL2OutputOracleDynamicConfig(
        L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig memory _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig
    ) external onlyOwner {
        l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig = _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig;
        dynamicConfigSet = true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Configures the ProxyAdmin contract.
     */
    function step1() external onlyOwner step(1) {
        // Set the AddressManager in the ProxyAdmin.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setAddressManager(config.globalConfig.addressManager);

        // Set the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the RESOLVED proxy type.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setProxyType(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy,
            ProxyAdmin.ProxyType.RESOLVED
        );

        // Set the implementation name for the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setImplementationName(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy,
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger"
        );

        // Set the L1StandardBridge to the CHUGSPLASH proxy type.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setProxyType(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy,
            ProxyAdmin.ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pauses the system by shutting down the L1CrossDomainMessenger and setting the
     *         deposit halt flag to tell the Sequencer's DTL to stop accepting deposits.
     */
    function step2() external onlyOwner step(2) {
        // Store the address of the old L1CrossDomainMessenger implementation. We will need this
        // address in the case that we have to exit early.
        oldL1CrossDomainMessenger = config.globalConfig.addressManager.getAddress(
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger"
        );

        // Temporarily brick the L1CrossDomainMessenger by setting its implementation address to
        // address(0) which will cause the ResolvedDelegateProxy to revert. Better than pausing
        // the L1CrossDomainMessenger via pause() because it can be easily reverted.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress("OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger", address(0));

        // Set the DTL shutoff block, which will tell the DTL to stop syncing new deposits from the
        // CanonicalTransactionChain. We do this by setting an address in the AddressManager
        // because the DTL already has a reference to the AddressManager and this way we don't also
        // need to give it a reference to the SystemDictator.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(
            "DTL_SHUTOFF_BLOCK",
            address(uint160(block.number))
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes deprecated addresses from the AddressManager.
     */
    function step3() external onlyOwner step(EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP) {
        // Remove all deprecated addresses from the AddressManager
        string[17] memory deprecated = [
            "OVM_CanonicalTransactionChain",
            "OVM_L2CrossDomainMessenger",
            "OVM_DecompressionPrecompileAddress",
            "OVM_Sequencer",
            "OVM_Proposer",
            "OVM_ChainStorageContainer-CTC-batches",
            "OVM_ChainStorageContainer-CTC-queue",
            "OVM_CanonicalTransactionChain",
            "OVM_StateCommitmentChain",
            "OVM_BondManager",
            "OVM_ExecutionManager",
            "OVM_FraudVerifier",
            "OVM_StateManagerFactory",
            "OVM_StateTransitionerFactory",
            "OVM_SafetyChecker",
            "OVM_L1MultiMessageRelayer",
            "BondManager"
        ];

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < deprecated.length; i++) {
            config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(deprecated[i], address(0));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers system ownership to the ProxyAdmin.
     */
    function step4() external onlyOwner step(PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP) {
        // Transfer ownership of the AddressManager to the ProxyAdmin.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.transferOwnership(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );

        // Transfer ownership of the L1StandardBridge to the ProxyAdmin.
        L1ChugSplashProxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy)).setOwner(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );

        // Transfer ownership of the L1ERC721Bridge to the ProxyAdmin.
        Proxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy)).changeAdmin(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Upgrades and initializes proxy contracts.
     */
    function step5() external onlyOwner step(5) {
        // Dynamic config must be set before we can initialize the L2OutputOracle.
        require(dynamicConfigSet, "SystemDictator: dynamic oracle config is not yet initialized");

        // Upgrade and initialize the L2OutputOracle.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l2OutputOracleProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l2OutputOracleImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(
                L2OutputOracle.initialize,
                (
                    l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig.l2OutputOracleStartingBlockNumber,
                    l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig.l2OutputOracleStartingTimestamp
                )
            )
        );

        // Upgrade and initialize the OptimismPortal.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.optimismPortalProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.optimismPortalImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(OptimismPortal.initialize, ())
        );

        // Upgrade the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerImpl)
        );

        // Try to initialize the L1CrossDomainMessenger, only fail if it's already been initialized.
        try
            L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy)
                .initialize(address(this))
        {
            // L1CrossDomainMessenger is the one annoying edge case difference between existing
            // networks and fresh networks because in existing networks it'll already be
            // initialized but in fresh networks it won't be. Try/catch is the easiest and most
            // consistent way to handle this because initialized() is not exposed publicly.
        } catch Error(string memory reason) {
            require(
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(reason)) ==
                    keccak256("Initializable: contract is already initialized"),
                string.concat("SystemDictator: unexpected error initializing L1XDM: ", reason)
            );
        } catch {
            revert("SystemDictator: unexpected error initializing L1XDM (no reason)");
        }

        // Transfer ETH from the L1StandardBridge to the OptimismPortal.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.portalSenderImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(PortalSender.donate, ())
        );

        // Upgrade the L1StandardBridge (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade the OptimismMintableERC20Factory (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.optimismMintableERC20FactoryProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.optimismMintableERC20FactoryImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade the L1ERC721Bridge (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade and initialize the SystemConfig.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.systemConfigProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.systemConfigImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(
                SystemConfig.initialize,
                (
                    config.systemConfigConfig.owner,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.overhead,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.scalar,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.batcherHash,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.gasLimit,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.unsafeBlockSigner
                )
            )
        );

        // Pause the L1CrossDomainMessenger, chance to check that everything is OK.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy).pause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unpauses the system at which point the system should be fully operational.
     */
    function step6() external onlyOwner step(6) {
        // Unpause the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy).unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Tranfers admin ownership to the final owner.
     */
    function finalize() external onlyOwner {
        // Transfer ownership of the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the final owner.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy)
            .transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.finalOwner);

        // Transfer ownership of the ProxyAdmin to the final owner.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.finalOwner);

        // Optionally also transfer AddressManager and L1StandardBridge if we still own it. Might
        // happen if we're exiting early.
        if (currentStep <= PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP) {
            // Transfer ownership of the AddressManager to the final owner.
            config.globalConfig.addressManager.transferOwnership(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );

            // Transfer ownership of the L1StandardBridge to the final owner.
            L1ChugSplashProxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy)).setOwner(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );

            // Transfer ownership of the L1ERC721Bridge to the final owner.
            Proxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy)).changeAdmin(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );
        }

        finalized = true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice First exit point, can only be called before step 3 is executed.
     */
    function exit1() external onlyOwner {
        require(
            currentStep == EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP,
            "SystemDictator: can only exit1 before step 3 is executed"
        );

        // Reset the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the old implementation.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger",
            oldL1CrossDomainMessenger
        );

        // Unset the DTL shutoff block which will allow the DTL to sync again.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress("DTL_SHUTOFF_BLOCK", address(0));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title AddressManager
 * @notice AddressManager is a legacy contract that was used in the old version of the Optimism
 *         system to manage a registry of string names to addresses. We now use a more standard
 *         proxy system instead, but this contract is still necessary for backwards compatibility
 *         with several older contracts.
 */
contract AddressManager is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of the hashes of string names to addresses.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => address) private addresses;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an address is modified in the registry.
     *
     * @param name       String name being set in the registry.
     * @param newAddress Address set for the given name.
     * @param oldAddress Address that was previously set for the given name.
     */
    event AddressSet(string indexed name, address newAddress, address oldAddress);

    /**
     * @notice Changes the address associated with a particular name.
     *
     * @param _name    String name to associate an address with.
     * @param _address Address to associate with the name.
     */
    function setAddress(string memory _name, address _address) external onlyOwner {
        bytes32 nameHash = _getNameHash(_name);
        address oldAddress = addresses[nameHash];
        addresses[nameHash] = _address;

        emit AddressSet(_name, _address, oldAddress);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the address associated with a given name.
     *
     * @param _name Name to retrieve an address for.
     *
     * @return Address associated with the given name.
     */
    function getAddress(string memory _name) external view returns (address) {
        return addresses[_getNameHash(_name)];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the hash of a name.
     *
     * @param _name Name to compute a hash for.
     *
     * @return Hash of the given name.
     */
    function _getNameHash(string memory _name) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_name));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeployed 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002
 * @title DeployerWhitelist
 * @notice DeployerWhitelist is a legacy contract that was originally used to act as a whitelist of
 *         addresses allowed to the Optimism network. The DeployerWhitelist has since been
 *         disabled, but the code is kept in state for the sake of full backwards compatibility.
 *         As of the Bedrock upgrade, the DeployerWhitelist is completely unused by the Optimism
 *         system and could, in theory, be removed entirely.
 */
contract DeployerWhitelist is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the owner of this contract. Note that when this address is set to
     *         address(0), the whitelist is disabled.
     */
    address public owner;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of deployer addresses to boolean whitelist status.
     */
    mapping(address => bool) public whitelist;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the owner of this contract changes.
     *
     * @param oldOwner Address of the previous owner.
     * @param newOwner Address of the new owner.
     */
    event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the whitelist status of a deployer changes.
     *
     * @param deployer    Address of the deployer.
     * @param whitelisted Boolean indicating whether the deployer is whitelisted.
     */
    event WhitelistStatusChanged(address deployer, bool whitelisted);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the whitelist is disabled.
     *
     * @param oldOwner Address of the final owner of the whitelist.
     */
    event WhitelistDisabled(address oldOwner);

    /**
     * @notice Blocks functions to anyone except the contract owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(
            msg.sender == owner,
            "DeployerWhitelist: function can only be called by the owner of this contract"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Adds or removes an address from the deployment whitelist.
     *
     * @param _deployer      Address to update permissions for.
     * @param _isWhitelisted Whether or not the address is whitelisted.
     */
    function setWhitelistedDeployer(address _deployer, bool _isWhitelisted) external onlyOwner {
        whitelist[_deployer] = _isWhitelisted;
        emit WhitelistStatusChanged(_deployer, _isWhitelisted);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the owner of this contract.
     *
     * @param _owner Address of the new owner.
     */
    function setOwner(address _owner) external onlyOwner {
        // Prevent users from setting the whitelist owner to address(0) except via
        // enableArbitraryContractDeployment. If you want to burn the whitelist owner, send it to
        // any other address that doesn't have a corresponding knowable private key.
        require(
            _owner != address(0),
            "DeployerWhitelist: can only be disabled via enableArbitraryContractDeployment"
        );

        emit OwnerChanged(owner, _owner);
        owner = _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Permanently enables arbitrary contract deployment and deletes the owner.
     */
    function enableArbitraryContractDeployment() external onlyOwner {
        emit WhitelistDisabled(owner);
        owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether an address is allowed to deploy contracts.
     *
     * @param _deployer Address to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the address can deploy contracts.
     */
    function isDeployerAllowed(address _deployer) external view returns (bool) {
        return (owner == address(0) || whitelist[_deployer]);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title IL1ChugSplashDeployer
 */
interface IL1ChugSplashDeployer {
    function isUpgrading() external view returns (bool);
}

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title L1ChugSplashProxy
 * @notice Basic ChugSplash proxy contract for L1. Very close to being a normal proxy but has added
 *         functions `setCode` and `setStorage` for changing the code or storage of the contract.
 *
 *         Note for future developers: do NOT make anything in this contract 'public' unless you
 *         know what you're doing. Anything public can potentially have a function signature that
 *         conflicts with a signature attached to the implementation contract. Public functions
 *         SHOULD always have the `proxyCallIfNotOwner` modifier unless there's some *really* good
 *         reason not to have that modifier. And there almost certainly is not a good reason to not
 *         have that modifier. Beware!
 */
contract L1ChugSplashProxy {
    /**
     * @notice "Magic" prefix. When prepended to some arbitrary bytecode and used to create a
     *         contract, the appended bytecode will be deployed as given.
     */
    bytes13 internal constant DEPLOY_CODE_PREFIX = 0x600D380380600D6000396000f3;

    /**
     * @notice bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_KEY =
        0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @notice bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.admin')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant OWNER_KEY =
        0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @notice Blocks a function from being called when the parent signals that the system should
     *         be paused via an isUpgrading function.
     */
    modifier onlyWhenNotPaused() {
        address owner = _getOwner();

        // We do a low-level call because there's no guarantee that the owner actually *is* an
        // L1ChugSplashDeployer contract and Solidity will throw errors if we do a normal call and
        // it turns out that it isn't the right type of contract.
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = owner.staticcall(
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IL1ChugSplashDeployer.isUpgrading.selector)
        );

        // If the call was unsuccessful then we assume that there's no "isUpgrading" method and we
        // can just continue as normal. We also expect that the return value is exactly 32 bytes
        // long. If this isn't the case then we can safely ignore the result.
        if (success && returndata.length == 32) {
            // Although the expected value is a *boolean*, it's safer to decode as a uint256 in the
            // case that the isUpgrading function returned something other than 0 or 1. But we only
            // really care about the case where this value is 0 (= false).
            uint256 ret = abi.decode(returndata, (uint256));
            require(ret == 0, "L1ChugSplashProxy: system is currently being upgraded");
        }

        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Makes a proxy call instead of triggering the given function when the caller is
     *         either the owner or the zero address. Caller can only ever be the zero address if
     *         this function is being called off-chain via eth_call, which is totally fine and can
     *         be convenient for client-side tooling. Avoids situations where the proxy and
     *         implementation share a sighash and the proxy function ends up being called instead
     *         of the implementation one.
     *
     *         Note: msg.sender == address(0) can ONLY be triggered off-chain via eth_call. If
     *         there's a way for someone to send a transaction with msg.sender == address(0) in any
     *         real context then we have much bigger problems. Primary reason to include this
     *         additional allowed sender is because the owner address can be changed dynamically
     *         and we do not want clients to have to keep track of the current owner in order to
     *         make an eth_call that doesn't trigger the proxied contract.
     */
    // slither-disable-next-line incorrect-modifier
    modifier proxyCallIfNotOwner() {
        if (msg.sender == _getOwner() || msg.sender == address(0)) {
            _;
        } else {
            // This WILL halt the call frame on completion.
            _doProxyCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner Address of the initial contract owner.
     */
    constructor(address _owner) {
        _setOwner(_owner);
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    receive() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    fallback() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the code that should be running behind this proxy.
     *
     *         Note: This scheme is a bit different from the standard proxy scheme where one would
     *         typically deploy the code separately and then set the implementation address. We're
     *         doing it this way because it gives us a lot more freedom on the client side. Can
     *         only be triggered by the contract owner.
     *
     * @param _code New contract code to run inside this contract.
     */
    function setCode(bytes memory _code) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        // Get the code hash of the current implementation.
        address implementation = _getImplementation();

        // If the code hash matches the new implementation then we return early.
        if (keccak256(_code) == _getAccountCodeHash(implementation)) {
            return;
        }

        // Create the deploycode by appending the magic prefix.
        bytes memory deploycode = abi.encodePacked(DEPLOY_CODE_PREFIX, _code);

        // Deploy the code and set the new implementation address.
        address newImplementation;
        assembly {
            newImplementation := create(0x0, add(deploycode, 0x20), mload(deploycode))
        }

        // Check that the code was actually deployed correctly. I'm not sure if you can ever
        // actually fail this check. Should only happen if the contract creation from above runs
        // out of gas but this parent execution thread does NOT run out of gas. Seems like we
        // should be doing this check anyway though.
        require(
            _getAccountCodeHash(newImplementation) == keccak256(_code),
            "L1ChugSplashProxy: code was not correctly deployed"
        );

        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Modifies some storage slot within the proxy contract. Gives us a lot of power to
     *         perform upgrades in a more transparent way. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _key   Storage key to modify.
     * @param _value New value for the storage key.
     */
    function setStorage(bytes32 _key, bytes32 _value) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        assembly {
            sstore(_key, _value)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _owner New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function setOwner(address _owner) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        _setOwner(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract. Can only be called by the owner OR by
     *         making an eth_call and setting the "from" address to address(0).
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function getOwner() external proxyCallIfNotOwner returns (address) {
        return _getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address. Can only be called by the owner OR by making an
     *         eth_call and setting the "from" address to address(0).
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() external proxyCallIfNotOwner returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation address.
     *
     * @param _implementation New implementation address.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address _implementation) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY, _implementation)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @param _owner New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function _setOwner(address _owner) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(OWNER_KEY, _owner)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Performs the proxy call via a delegatecall.
     */
    function _doProxyCall() internal onlyWhenNotPaused {
        address implementation = _getImplementation();

        require(implementation != address(0), "L1ChugSplashProxy: implementation is not set yet");

        assembly {
            // Copy calldata into memory at 0x0....calldatasize.
            calldatacopy(0x0, 0x0, calldatasize())

            // Perform the delegatecall, make sure to pass all available gas.
            let success := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0x0, calldatasize(), 0x0, 0x0)

            // Copy returndata into memory at 0x0....returndatasize. Note that this *will*
            // overwrite the calldata that we just copied into memory but that doesn't really
            // matter because we'll be returning in a second anyway.
            returndatacopy(0x0, 0x0, returndatasize())

            // Success == 0 means a revert. We'll revert too and pass the data up.
            if iszero(success) {
                revert(0x0, returndatasize())
            }

            // Otherwise we'll just return and pass the data up.
            return(0x0, returndatasize())
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        address implementation;
        assembly {
            implementation := sload(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY)
        }
        return implementation;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function _getOwner() internal view returns (address) {
        address owner;
        assembly {
            owner := sload(OWNER_KEY)
        }
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the code hash for a given account.
     *
     * @param _account Address of the account to get a code hash for.
     *
     * @return Code hash for the account.
     */
    function _getAccountCodeHash(address _account) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 codeHash;
        assembly {
            codeHash := extcodehash(_account)
        }
        return codeHash;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0xDeadDeAddeAddEAddeadDEaDDEAdDeaDDeAD0000
 * @title LegacyERC20ETH
 * @notice LegacyERC20ETH is a legacy contract that held ETH balances before the Bedrock upgrade.
 *         All ETH balances held within this contract were migrated to the state trie as part of
 *         the Bedrock upgrade. Functions within this contract that mutate state were already
 *         disabled as part of the EVM equivalence upgrade.
 */
contract LegacyERC20ETH is OptimismMintableERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract as an Optimism Mintable ERC20.
     */
    constructor()
        OptimismMintableERC20(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE, address(0), "Ether", "ETH")
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ETH balance of the target account. Overrides the base behavior of the
     *         contract to preserve the invariant that the balance within this contract always
     *         matches the balance in the state trie.
     *
     * @param _who Address of the account to query.
     *
     * @return The ETH balance of the target account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _who) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return address(_who).balance;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Mints some amount of ETH.
     */
    function mint(address, uint256) public virtual override {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: mint is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Burns some amount of ETH.
     */
    function burn(address, uint256) public virtual override {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: burn is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Transfers some amount of ETH.
     */
    function transfer(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: transfer is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Approves a spender to spend some amount of ETH.
     */
    function approve(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: approve is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Transfers funds from some sender account.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address,
        address,
        uint256
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: transferFrom is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Increases the allowance of a spender.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: increaseAllowance is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Decreases the allowance of a spender.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: decreaseAllowance is disabled");
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000
 * @title LegacyMessagePasser
 * @notice The LegacyMessagePasser was the low-level mechanism used to send messages from L2 to L1
 *         before the Bedrock upgrade. It is now deprecated in favor of the new MessagePasser.
 */
contract LegacyMessagePasser is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of sent message hashes to boolean status.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public sentMessages;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Passes a message to L1.
     *
     * @param _message Message to pass to L1.
     */
    function passMessageToL1(bytes memory _message) external {
        sentMessages[keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_message, msg.sender))] = true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { AddressManager } from "./AddressManager.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title ResolvedDelegateProxy
 * @notice ResolvedDelegateProxy is a legacy proxy contract that makes use of the AddressManager to
 *         resolve the implementation address. We're maintaining this contract for backwards
 *         compatibility so we can manage all legacy proxies where necessary.
 */
contract ResolvedDelegateProxy {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping used to store the implementation name that corresponds to this contract. A
     *         mapping was originally used as a way to bypass the same issue normally solved by
     *         storing the implementation address in a specific storage slot that does not conflict
     *         with any other storage slot. Generally NOT a safe solution but works as long as the
     *         implementation does not also keep a mapping in the first storage slot.
     */
    mapping(address => string) private implementationName;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping used to store the address of the AddressManager contract where the
     *         implementation address will be resolved from. Same concept here as with the above
     *         mapping. Also generally unsafe but fine if the implementation doesn't keep a mapping
     *         in the second storage slot.
     */
    mapping(address => AddressManager) private addressManager;

    /**
     * @param _addressManager  Address of the AddressManager.
     * @param _implementationName implementationName of the contract to proxy to.
     */
    constructor(AddressManager _addressManager, string memory _implementationName) {
        addressManager[address(this)] = _addressManager;
        implementationName[address(this)] = _implementationName;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Fallback, performs a delegatecall to the resolved implementation address.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
    fallback() external payable {
        address target = addressManager[address(this)].getAddress(
            (implementationName[address(this)])
        );

        require(target != address(0), "ResolvedDelegateProxy: target address must be initialized");

        // slither-disable-next-line controlled-delegatecall
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(msg.data);

        if (success == true) {
            assembly {
                return(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        } else {
            assembly {
                revert(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { SignedMath } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SignedMath.sol";
import { FixedPointMathLib } from "@rari-capital/solmate/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol";

/**
 * @title Arithmetic
 * @notice Even more math than before.
 */
library Arithmetic {
    /**
     * @notice Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.
     *
     * @param _value The value to clamp.
     * @param _min   The minimum value.
     * @param _max   The maximum value.
     *
     * @return The clamped value.
     */
    function clamp(
        int256 _value,
        int256 _min,
        int256 _max
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return SignedMath.min(SignedMath.max(_value, _min), _max);
    }

    /**
     * @notice (c)oefficient (d)enominator (exp)onentiation function.
     *         Returns the result of: c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     *
     * @param _coefficient Coefficient of the function.
     * @param _denominator Fractional denominator.
     * @param _exponent    Power function exponent.
     *
     * @return Result of c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     */
    function cdexp(
        int256 _coefficient,
        int256 _denominator,
        int256 _exponent
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return
            (_coefficient *
                (FixedPointMathLib.powWad(1e18 - (1e18 / _denominator), _exponent * 1e18))) / 1e18;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title Burn
 * @notice Utilities for burning stuff.
 */
library Burn {
    /**
     * Burns a given amount of ETH.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of ETH to burn.
     */
    function eth(uint256 _amount) internal {
        new Burner{ value: _amount }();
    }

    /**
     * Burns a given amount of gas.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of gas to burn.
     */
    function gas(uint256 _amount) internal view {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();
        while (initialGas - gasleft() < _amount) {
            ++i;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @title Burner
 * @notice Burner self-destructs on creation and sends all ETH to itself, removing all ETH given to
 *         the contract from the circulating supply. Self-destructing is the only way to remove ETH
 *         from the circulating supply.
 */
contract Burner {
    constructor() payable {
        selfdestruct(payable(address(this)));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Bytes
 * @notice Bytes is a library for manipulating byte arrays.
 */
library Bytes {
    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/GNSPS/solidity-bytes-utils
     * @notice Slices a byte array with a given starting index and length. Returns a new byte array
     *         as opposed to a pointer to the original array. Will throw if trying to slice more
     *         bytes than exist in the array.
     *
     * @param _bytes Byte array to slice.
     * @param _start Starting index of the slice.
     * @param _length Length of the slice.
     *
     * @return Slice of the input byte array.
     */
    function slice(
        bytes memory _bytes,
        uint256 _start,
        uint256 _length
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        unchecked {
            require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
            require(_start + _length >= _start, "slice_overflow");
            require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");
        }

        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            switch iszero(_length)
            case 0 {
                // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                // Solidity does for memory variables.
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                // the actual length of the slice.
                let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

                // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                let end := add(mc, _length)

                for {
                    // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                    // as the one above.
                    let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                }

                mstore(tempBytes, _length)

                //update free-memory pointer
                //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
            }
            //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
            default {
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                mstore(tempBytes, 0)

                mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
            }
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Slices a byte array with a given starting index up to the end of the original byte
     *         array. Returns a new array rathern than a pointer to the original.
     *
     * @param _bytes Byte array to slice.
     * @param _start Starting index of the slice.
     *
     * @return Slice of the input byte array.
     */
    function slice(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_start >= _bytes.length) {
            return bytes("");
        }
        return slice(_bytes, _start, _bytes.length - _start);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Converts a byte array into a nibble array by splitting each byte into two nibbles.
     *         Resulting nibble array will be exactly twice as long as the input byte array.
     *
     * @param _bytes Input byte array to convert.
     *
     * @return Resulting nibble array.
     */
    function toNibbles(bytes memory _bytes) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        uint256 bytesLength = _bytes.length;
        bytes memory nibbles = new bytes(bytesLength * 2);
        bytes1 b;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < bytesLength; ) {
            b = _bytes[i];
            nibbles[i * 2] = b >> 4;
            nibbles[i * 2 + 1] = b & 0x0f;
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }

        return nibbles;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Compares two byte arrays by comparing their keccak256 hashes.
     *
     * @param _bytes First byte array to compare.
     * @param _other Second byte array to compare.
     *
     * @return True if the two byte arrays are equal, false otherwise.
     */
    function equal(bytes memory _bytes, bytes memory _other) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(_bytes) == keccak256(_other);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Constants
 * @notice Constants is a library for storing constants. Simple! Don't put everything in here, just
 *         the stuff used in multiple contracts. Constants that only apply to a single contract
 *         should be defined in that contract instead.
 */
library Constants {
    /**
     * @notice Special address to be used as the tx origin for gas estimation calls in the
     *         OptimismPortal and CrossDomainMessenger calls. You only need to use this address if
     *         the minimum gas limit specified by the user is not actually enough to execute the
     *         given message and you're attempting to estimate the actual necessary gas limit. We
     *         use address(1) because it's the ecrecover precompile and therefore guaranteed to
     *         never have any code on any EVM chain.
     */
    address internal constant ESTIMATION_ADDRESS = address(1);

    /**
     * @notice Value used for the L2 sender storage slot in both the OptimismPortal and the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger contracts before an actual sender is set. This value is
     *         non-zero to reduce the gas cost of message passing transactions.
     */
    address internal constant DEFAULT_L2_SENDER = 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Types } from "./Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "./Hashing.sol";
import { RLPWriter } from "./rlp/RLPWriter.sol";

/**
 * @title Encoding
 * @notice Encoding handles Optimism's various different encoding schemes.
 */
library Encoding {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes the L2 transaction that would be generated when a given deposit is sent
     *         to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2 system. The
     *         transaction is prefixed with 0x7e to identify its EIP-2718 type.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function encodeDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes32 source = Hashing.hashDepositSource(_tx.l1BlockHash, _tx.logIndex);
        bytes[] memory raw = new bytes[](8);
        raw[0] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(source));
        raw[1] = RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.from);
        raw[2] = _tx.isCreation ? RLPWriter.writeBytes("") : RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.to);
        raw[3] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.mint);
        raw[4] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.value);
        raw[5] = RLPWriter.writeUint(uint256(_tx.gasLimit));
        raw[6] = RLPWriter.writeBool(false);
        raw[7] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(_tx.data);
        return abi.encodePacked(uint8(0x7e), RLPWriter.writeList(raw));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        (, uint16 version) = decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce);
        } else if (version == 1) {
            return encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Encoding: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes a cross domain message based on the V0 (legacy) encoding.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _data   Data to send with the message.
     * @param _nonce  Message nonce.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(
        address _target,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _data,
        uint256 _nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodeWithSignature(
                "relayMessage(address,address,bytes,uint256)",
                _target,
                _sender,
                _data,
                _nonce
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes a cross domain message based on the V1 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodeWithSignature(
                "relayMessage(uint256,address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)",
                _nonce,
                _sender,
                _target,
                _value,
                _gasLimit,
                _data
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Adds a version number into the first two bytes of a message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce   Message nonce to encode into.
     * @param _version Version number to encode into the message nonce.
     *
     * @return Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     */
    function encodeVersionedNonce(uint240 _nonce, uint16 _version) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 nonce;
        assembly {
            nonce := or(shl(240, _version), _nonce)
        }
        return nonce;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pulls the version out of a version-encoded nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     *
     * @return Nonce without encoded version.
     * @return Version of the message.
     */
    function decodeVersionedNonce(uint256 _nonce) internal pure returns (uint240, uint16) {
        uint240 nonce;
        uint16 version;
        assembly {
            nonce := and(_nonce, 0x0000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
            version := shr(240, _nonce)
        }
        return (nonce, version);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Types } from "./Types.sol";
import { Encoding } from "./Encoding.sol";

/**
 * @title Hashing
 * @notice Hashing handles Optimism's various different hashing schemes.
 */
library Hashing {
    /**
     * @notice Computes the hash of the RLP encoded L2 transaction that would be generated when a
     *         given deposit is sent to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2
     *         system.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hash of the RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function hashDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(Encoding.encodeDepositTransaction(_tx));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the deposit transaction's "source hash", a value that guarantees the hash
     *         of the L2 transaction that corresponds to a deposit is unique and is
     *         deterministically generated from L1 transaction data.
     *
     * @param _l1BlockHash Hash of the L1 block where the deposit was included.
     * @param _logIndex    The index of the log that created the deposit transaction.
     *
     * @return Hash of the deposit transaction's "source hash".
     */
    function hashDepositSource(bytes32 _l1BlockHash, uint256 _logIndex)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        bytes32 depositId = keccak256(abi.encode(_l1BlockHash, _logIndex));
        return keccak256(abi.encode(bytes32(0), depositId));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return hashCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce);
        } else if (version == 1) {
            return hashCrossDomainMessageV1(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Hashing: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes a cross domain message based on the V0 (legacy) encoding.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _data   Data to send with the message.
     * @param _nonce  Message nonce.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessageV0(
        address _target,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _data,
        uint256 _nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(Encoding.encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes a cross domain message based on the V1 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessageV1(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                Encoding.encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(
                    _nonce,
                    _sender,
                    _target,
                    _value,
                    _gasLimit,
                    _data
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Derives the withdrawal hash according to the encoding in the L2 Withdrawer contract
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed withdrawal transaction.
     */
    function hashWithdrawal(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(_tx.nonce, _tx.sender, _tx.target, _tx.value, _tx.gasLimit, _tx.data)
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of an output root proof into an output root hash which
     *         can be used to check if the proof is valid.
     *
     * @param _outputRootProof Output root proof which should hash to an output root.
     *
     * @return Hashed output root proof.
     */
    function hashOutputRootProof(Types.OutputRootProof memory _outputRootProof)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    _outputRootProof.version,
                    _outputRootProof.stateRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.latestBlockhash
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Predeploys
 * @notice Contains constant addresses for contracts that are pre-deployed to the L2 system.
 */
library Predeploys {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ToL1MessagePasser predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2CrossDomainMessenger predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2StandardBridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ERC721Bridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_ERC721_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000014;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the SequencerFeeWallet predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant SEQUENCER_FEE_WALLET = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismMintableERC20Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant OPTIMISM_MINTABLE_ERC20_FACTORY =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismMintableERC721Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant OPTIMISM_MINTABLE_ERC721_FACTORY =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000017;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L1Block predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the GasPriceOracle predeploy. Includes fee information
     *         and helpers for computing the L1 portion of the transaction fee.
     */
    address internal constant GAS_PRICE_ORACLE = 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the L1MessageSender predeploy. Deprecated. Use L2CrossDomainMessenger
     *         or access tx.origin (or msg.sender) in a L1 to L2 transaction instead.
     */
    address internal constant L1_MESSAGE_SENDER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000001;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the DeployerWhitelist predeploy. No longer active.
     */
    address internal constant DEPLOYER_WHITELIST = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the LegacyERC20ETH predeploy. Deprecated. Balances are migrated to the
     *         state trie as of the Bedrock upgrade. Contract has been locked and write functions
     *         can no longer be accessed.
     */
    address internal constant LEGACY_ERC20_ETH = 0xDeadDeAddeAddEAddeadDEaDDEAdDeaDDeAD0000;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the L1BlockNumber predeploy. Deprecated. Use the L1Block predeploy
     *         instead, which exposes more information about the L1 state.
     */
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_NUMBER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the LegacyMessagePasser predeploy. Deprecate. Use the updated
     *         L2ToL1MessagePasser contract instead.
     */
    address internal constant LEGACY_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ProxyAdmin predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant PROXY_ADMIN = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the BaseFeeVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant BASE_FEE_VAULT = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L1FeeVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L1_FEE_VAULT = 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title SafeCall
 * @notice Perform low level safe calls
 */
library SafeCall {
    /**
     * @notice Perform a low level call without copying any returndata
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call
     * @param _gas      Amount of gas to pass to the call
     * @param _value    Amount of value to pass to the call
     * @param _calldata Calldata to pass to the call
     */
    function call(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        bool _success;
        assembly {
            _success := call(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                _value, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
        }
        return _success;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

/**
 * @title Types
 * @notice Contains various types used throughout the Optimism contract system.
 */
library Types {
    /**
     * @notice OutputProposal represents a commitment to the L2 state. The timestamp is the L1
     *         timestamp that the output root is posted. This timestamp is used to verify that the
     *         finalization period has passed since the output root was submitted.
     *
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Hash of the L2 output.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp of the L1 block that the output root was submitted in.
     * @custom:field l2BlockNumber L2 block number that the output corresponds to.
     */
    struct OutputProposal {
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the elements that are hashed together to generate an output root
     *         which itself represents a snapshot of the L2 state.
     *
     * @custom:field version                  Version of the output root.
     * @custom:field stateRoot                Root of the state trie at the block of this output.
     * @custom:field messagePasserStorageRoot Root of the message passer storage trie.
     * @custom:field latestBlockhash          Hash of the block this output was generated from.
     */
    struct OutputRootProof {
        bytes32 version;
        bytes32 stateRoot;
        bytes32 messagePasserStorageRoot;
        bytes32 latestBlockhash;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a deposit transaction (L1 => L2 transaction) created by an end
     *         user (as opposed to a system deposit transaction generated by the system).
     *
     * @custom:field from        Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field to          Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field isCreation  True if the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @custom:field value       Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field mint        Amount of ETH to mint.
     * @custom:field gasLimit    Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data        Data of the transaction.
     * @custom:field l1BlockHash Hash of the block the transaction was submitted in.
     * @custom:field logIndex    Index of the log in the block the transaction was submitted in.
     */
    struct UserDepositTransaction {
        address from;
        address to;
        bool isCreation;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 mint;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
        bytes32 l1BlockHash;
        uint256 logIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @custom:field nonce    Nonce of the withdrawal transaction
     * @custom:field sender   Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field target   Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field value    Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field gasLimit Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data     Data of the transaction.
     */
    struct WithdrawalTransaction {
        uint256 nonce;
        address sender;
        address target;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/**
 * @custom:attribution https://github.com/hamdiallam/Solidity-RLP
 * @title RLPReader
 * @notice RLPReader is a library for parsing RLP-encoded byte arrays into Solidity types. Adapted
 *         from Solidity-RLP (https://github.com/hamdiallam/Solidity-RLP) by Hamdi Allam with
 *         various tweaks to improve readability.
 */
library RLPReader {
    /**
     * Custom pointer type to avoid confusion between pointers and uint256s.
     */
    type MemoryPointer is uint256;

    /**
     * @notice RLP item types.
     *
     * @custom:value DATA_ITEM Represents an RLP data item (NOT a list).
     * @custom:value LIST_ITEM Represents an RLP list item.
     */
    enum RLPItemType {
        DATA_ITEM,
        LIST_ITEM
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing an RLP item.
     *
     * @custom:field length Length of the RLP item.
     * @custom:field ptr    Pointer to the RLP item in memory.
     */
    struct RLPItem {
        uint256 length;
        MemoryPointer ptr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Max list length that this library will accept.
     */
    uint256 internal constant MAX_LIST_LENGTH = 32;

    /**
     * @notice Converts bytes to a reference to memory position and length.
     *
     * @param _in Input bytes to convert.
     *
     * @return Output memory reference.
     */
    function toRLPItem(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        // Empty arrays are not RLP items.
        require(
            _in.length > 0,
            "RLPReader: length of an RLP item must be greater than zero to be decodable"
        );

        MemoryPointer ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(_in, 32)
        }

        return RLPItem({ length: _in.length, ptr: ptr });
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP list value into a list of RLP items.
     *
     * @param _in RLP list value.
     *
     * @return Decoded RLP list items.
     */
    function readList(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        (uint256 listOffset, uint256 listLength, RLPItemType itemType) = _decodeLength(_in);

        require(
            itemType == RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM,
            "RLPReader: decoded item type for list is not a list item"
        );

        require(
            listOffset + listLength == _in.length,
            "RLPReader: list item has an invalid data remainder"
        );

        // Solidity in-memory arrays can't be increased in size, but *can* be decreased in size by
        // writing to the length. Since we can't know the number of RLP items without looping over
        // the entire input, we'd have to loop twice to accurately size this array. It's easier to
        // simply set a reasonable maximum list length and decrease the size before we finish.
        RLPItem[] memory out = new RLPItem[](MAX_LIST_LENGTH);

        uint256 itemCount = 0;
        uint256 offset = listOffset;
        while (offset < _in.length) {
            (uint256 itemOffset, uint256 itemLength, ) = _decodeLength(
                RLPItem({
                    length: _in.length - offset,
                    ptr: MemoryPointer.wrap(MemoryPointer.unwrap(_in.ptr) + offset)
                })
            );

            // We don't need to check itemCount < out.length explicitly because Solidity already
            // handles this check on our behalf, we'd just be wasting gas.
            out[itemCount] = RLPItem({
                length: itemLength + itemOffset,
                ptr: MemoryPointer.wrap(MemoryPointer.unwrap(_in.ptr) + offset)
            });

            itemCount += 1;
            offset += itemOffset + itemLength;
        }

        // Decrease the array size to match the actual item count.
        assembly {
            mstore(out, itemCount)
        }

        return out;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP list value into a list of RLP items.
     *
     * @param _in RLP list value.
     *
     * @return Decoded RLP list items.
     */
    function readList(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        return readList(toRLPItem(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP bytes value into bytes.
     *
     * @param _in RLP bytes value.
     *
     * @return Decoded bytes.
     */
    function readBytes(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        (uint256 itemOffset, uint256 itemLength, RLPItemType itemType) = _decodeLength(_in);

        require(
            itemType == RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM,
            "RLPReader: decoded item type for bytes is not a data item"
        );

        require(
            _in.length == itemOffset + itemLength,
            "RLPReader: bytes value contains an invalid remainder"
        );

        return _copy(_in.ptr, itemOffset, itemLength);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP bytes value into bytes.
     *
     * @param _in RLP bytes value.
     *
     * @return Decoded bytes.
     */
    function readBytes(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return readBytes(toRLPItem(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads the raw bytes of an RLP item.
     *
     * @param _in RLP item to read.
     *
     * @return Raw RLP bytes.
     */
    function readRawBytes(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _copy(_in.ptr, 0, _in.length);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Decodes the length of an RLP item.
     *
     * @param _in RLP item to decode.
     *
     * @return Offset of the encoded data.
     * @return Length of the encoded data.
     * @return RLP item type (LIST_ITEM or DATA_ITEM).
     */
    function _decodeLength(RLPItem memory _in)
        private
        pure
        returns (
            uint256,
            uint256,
            RLPItemType
        )
    {
        // Short-circuit if there's nothing to decode, note that we perform this check when
        // the user creates an RLP item via toRLPItem, but it's always possible for them to bypass
        // that function and create an RLP item directly. So we need to check this anyway.
        require(
            _in.length > 0,
            "RLPReader: length of an RLP item must be greater than zero to be decodable"
        );

        MemoryPointer ptr = _in.ptr;
        uint256 prefix;
        assembly {
            prefix := byte(0, mload(ptr))
        }

        if (prefix <= 0x7f) {
            // Single byte.
            return (0, 1, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xb7) {
            // Short string.

            // slither-disable-next-line variable-scope
            uint256 strLen = prefix - 0x80;

            require(
                _in.length > strLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than string length (short string)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                strLen != 1 || firstByteOfContent >= 0x80,
                "RLPReader: invalid prefix, single byte < 0x80 are not prefixed (short string)"
            );

            return (1, strLen, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xbf) {
            // Long string.
            uint256 lenOfStrLen = prefix - 0xb7;

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfStrLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be > than length of string length (long string)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                firstByteOfContent != 0x00,
                "RLPReader: length of content must not have any leading zeros (long string)"
            );

            uint256 strLen;
            assembly {
                strLen := shr(sub(256, mul(8, lenOfStrLen)), mload(add(ptr, 1)))
            }

            require(
                strLen > 55,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than 55 bytes (long string)"
            );

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfStrLen + strLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than total length (long string)"
            );

            return (1 + lenOfStrLen, strLen, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xf7) {
            // Short list.
            // slither-disable-next-line variable-scope
            uint256 listLen = prefix - 0xc0;

            require(
                _in.length > listLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than list length (short list)"
            );

            return (1, listLen, RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM);
        } else {
            // Long list.
            uint256 lenOfListLen = prefix - 0xf7;

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfListLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be > than length of list length (long list)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                firstByteOfContent != 0x00,
                "RLPReader: length of content must not have any leading zeros (long list)"
            );

            uint256 listLen;
            assembly {
                listLen := shr(sub(256, mul(8, lenOfListLen)), mload(add(ptr, 1)))
            }

            require(
                listLen > 55,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than 55 bytes (long list)"
            );

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfListLen + listLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than total length (long list)"
            );

            return (1 + lenOfListLen, listLen, RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Copies the bytes from a memory location.
     *
     * @param _src    Pointer to the location to read from.
     * @param _offset Offset to start reading from.
     * @param _length Number of bytes to read.
     *
     * @return Copied bytes.
     */
    function _copy(
        MemoryPointer _src,
        uint256 _offset,
        uint256 _length
    ) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory out = new bytes(_length);
        if (_length == 0) {
            return out;
        }

        // Mostly based on Solidity's copy_memory_to_memory:
        // solhint-disable max-line-length
        // https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/34dd30d71b4da730488be72ff6af7083cf2a91f6/libsolidity/codegen/YulUtilFunctions.cpp#L102-L114
        uint256 src = MemoryPointer.unwrap(_src) + _offset;
        assembly {
            let dest := add(out, 32)
            let i := 0
            for {

            } lt(i, _length) {
                i := add(i, 32)
            } {
                mstore(add(dest, i), mload(add(src, i)))
            }

            if gt(i, _length) {
                mstore(add(dest, _length), 0)
            }
        }

        return out;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @custom:attribution https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode
 * @title RLPWriter
 * @author RLPWriter is a library for encoding Solidity types to RLP bytes. Adapted from Bakaoh's
 *         RLPEncode library (https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode) with minor
 *         modifications to improve legibility.
 */
library RLPWriter {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a byte string.
     *
     * @param _in The byte string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeBytes(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_in.length == 1 && uint8(_in[0]) < 128) {
            encoded = _in;
        } else {
            encoded = abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(_in.length, 128), _in);
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a list of RLP encoded byte byte strings.
     *
     * @param _in The list of RLP encoded byte strings.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded list of items in bytes.
     */
    function writeList(bytes[] memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory list = _flatten(_in);
        return abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(list.length, 192), list);
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a string.
     *
     * @param _in The string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeString(string memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(bytes(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes an address.
     *
     * @param _in The address to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded address in bytes.
     */
    function writeAddress(address _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a uint.
     *
     * @param _in The uint256 to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded uint256 in bytes.
     */
    function writeUint(uint256 _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(_toBinary(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a bool.
     *
     * @param _in The bool to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded bool in bytes.
     */
    function writeBool(bool _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded = new bytes(1);
        encoded[0] = (_in ? bytes1(0x01) : bytes1(0x80));
        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode the first byte and then the `len` in binary form if `length` is more than 55.
     *
     * @param _len    The length of the string or the payload.
     * @param _offset 128 if item is string, 192 if item is list.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _writeLength(uint256 _len, uint256 _offset) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_len < 56) {
            encoded = new bytes(1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(_len) + uint8(_offset));
        } else {
            uint256 lenLen;
            uint256 i = 1;
            while (_len / i != 0) {
                lenLen++;
                i *= 256;
            }

            encoded = new bytes(lenLen + 1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(lenLen) + uint8(_offset) + 55);
            for (i = 1; i <= lenLen; i++) {
                encoded[i] = bytes1(uint8((_len / (256**(lenLen - i))) % 256));
            }
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode integer in big endian binary form with no leading zeroes.
     *
     * @param _x The integer to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _toBinary(uint256 _x) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory b = abi.encodePacked(_x);

        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < 32; i++) {
            if (b[i] != 0) {
                break;
            }
        }

        bytes memory res = new bytes(32 - i);
        for (uint256 j = 0; j < res.length; j++) {
            res[j] = b[i++];
        }

        return res;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/Arachnid/solidity-stringutils
     * @notice Copies a piece of memory to another location.
     *
     * @param _dest Destination location.
     * @param _src  Source location.
     * @param _len  Length of memory to copy.
     */
    function _memcpy(
        uint256 _dest,
        uint256 _src,
        uint256 _len
    ) private pure {
        uint256 dest = _dest;
        uint256 src = _src;
        uint256 len = _len;

        for (; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        uint256 mask;
        unchecked {
            mask = 256**(32 - len) - 1;
        }
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/sammayo/solidity-rlp-encoder
     * @notice Flattens a list of byte strings into one byte string.
     *
     * @param _list List of byte strings to flatten.
     *
     * @return The flattened byte string.
     */
    function _flatten(bytes[] memory _list) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_list.length == 0) {
            return new bytes(0);
        }

        uint256 len;
        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < _list.length; i++) {
            len += _list[i].length;
        }

        bytes memory flattened = new bytes(len);
        uint256 flattenedPtr;
        assembly {
            flattenedPtr := add(flattened, 0x20)
        }

        for (i = 0; i < _list.length; i++) {
            bytes memory item = _list[i];

            uint256 listPtr;
            assembly {
                listPtr := add(item, 0x20)
            }

            _memcpy(flattenedPtr, listPtr, item.length);
            flattenedPtr += _list[i].length;
        }

        return flattened;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Bytes } from "../Bytes.sol";
import { RLPReader } from "../rlp/RLPReader.sol";

/**
 * @title MerkleTrie
 * @notice MerkleTrie is a small library for verifying standard Ethereum Merkle-Patricia trie
 *         inclusion proofs. By default, this library assumes a hexary trie. One can change the
 *         trie radix constant to support other trie radixes.
 */
library MerkleTrie {
    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a node in the trie.
     *
     * @custom:field encoded The RLP-encoded node.
     * @custom:field decoded The RLP-decoded node.
     */
    struct TrieNode {
        bytes encoded;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] decoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines the number of elements per branch node.
     */
    uint256 internal constant TREE_RADIX = 16;

    /**
     * @notice Branch nodes have TREE_RADIX elements and one value element.
     */
    uint256 internal constant BRANCH_NODE_LENGTH = TREE_RADIX + 1;

    /**
     * @notice Leaf nodes and extension nodes have two elements, a `path` and a `value`.
     */
    uint256 internal constant LEAF_OR_EXTENSION_NODE_LENGTH = 2;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for even-nibbled extension node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_EXTENSION_EVEN = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for odd-nibbled extension node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_EXTENSION_ODD = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for even-nibbled leaf node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_LEAF_EVEN = 2;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for odd-nibbled leaf node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_LEAF_ODD = 3;

    /**
     * @notice Verifies a proof that a given key/value pair is present in the trie.
     *
     * @param _key   Key of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _value Value of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the desired node. Unlike traditional Merkle
     *               trees, this proof is executed top-down and consists of a list of RLP-encoded
     *               nodes that make a path down to the target node.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie. Used to verify that the included proof is
     *               correctly constructed.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the proof is valid.
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return Bytes.equal(_value, get(_key, _proof, _root));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the value associated with a given key.
     *
     * @param _key   Key to search for, as hex bytes.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the key.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @return Value of the key if it exists.
     */
    function get(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(_key.length > 0, "MerkleTrie: empty key");

        TrieNode[] memory proof = _parseProof(_proof);
        bytes memory key = Bytes.toNibbles(_key);
        bytes memory currentNodeID = abi.encodePacked(_root);
        uint256 currentKeyIndex = 0;

        // Proof is top-down, so we start at the first element (root).
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            TrieNode memory currentNode = proof[i];

            // Key index should never exceed total key length or we'll be out of bounds.
            require(
                currentKeyIndex <= key.length,
                "MerkleTrie: key index exceeds total key length"
            );

            if (currentKeyIndex == 0) {
                // First proof element is always the root node.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(abi.encodePacked(keccak256(currentNode.encoded)), currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid root hash"
                );
            } else if (currentNode.encoded.length >= 32) {
                // Nodes 32 bytes or larger are hashed inside branch nodes.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(abi.encodePacked(keccak256(currentNode.encoded)), currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid large internal hash"
                );
            } else {
                // Nodes smaller than 32 bytes aren't hashed.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(currentNode.encoded, currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid internal node hash"
                );
            }

            if (currentNode.decoded.length == BRANCH_NODE_LENGTH) {
                if (currentKeyIndex == key.length) {
                    // Value is the last element of the decoded list (for branch nodes). There's
                    // some ambiguity in the Merkle trie specification because bytes(0) is a
                    // valid value to place into the trie, but for branch nodes bytes(0) can exist
                    // even when the value wasn't explicitly placed there. Geth treats a value of
                    // bytes(0) as "key does not exist" and so we do the same.
                    bytes memory value = RLPReader.readBytes(currentNode.decoded[TREE_RADIX]);
                    require(
                        value.length > 0,
                        "MerkleTrie: value length must be greater than zero (branch)"
                    );

                    // Extra proof elements are not allowed.
                    require(
                        i == proof.length - 1,
                        "MerkleTrie: value node must be last node in proof (branch)"
                    );

                    return value;
                } else {
                    // We're not at the end of the key yet.
                    // Figure out what the next node ID should be and continue.
                    uint8 branchKey = uint8(key[currentKeyIndex]);
                    RLPReader.RLPItem memory nextNode = currentNode.decoded[branchKey];
                    currentNodeID = _getNodeID(nextNode);
                    currentKeyIndex += 1;
                }
            } else if (currentNode.decoded.length == LEAF_OR_EXTENSION_NODE_LENGTH) {
                bytes memory path = _getNodePath(currentNode);
                uint8 prefix = uint8(path[0]);
                uint8 offset = 2 - (prefix % 2);
                bytes memory pathRemainder = Bytes.slice(path, offset);
                bytes memory keyRemainder = Bytes.slice(key, currentKeyIndex);
                uint256 sharedNibbleLength = _getSharedNibbleLength(pathRemainder, keyRemainder);

                // Whether this is a leaf node or an extension node, the path remainder MUST be a
                // prefix of the key remainder (or be equal to the key remainder) or the proof is
                // considered invalid.
                require(
                    pathRemainder.length == sharedNibbleLength,
                    "MerkleTrie: path remainder must share all nibbles with key"
                );

                if (prefix == PREFIX_LEAF_EVEN || prefix == PREFIX_LEAF_ODD) {
                    // Prefix of 2 or 3 means this is a leaf node. For the leaf node to be valid,
                    // the key remainder must be exactly equal to the path remainder. We already
                    // did the necessary byte comparison, so it's more efficient here to check that
                    // the key remainder length equals the shared nibble length, which implies
                    // equality with the path remainder (since we already did the same check with
                    // the path remainder and the shared nibble length).
                    require(
                        keyRemainder.length == sharedNibbleLength,
                        "MerkleTrie: key remainder must be identical to path remainder"
                    );

                    // Our Merkle Trie is designed specifically for the purposes of the Ethereum
                    // state trie. Empty values are not allowed in the state trie, so we can safely
                    // say that if the value is empty, the key should not exist and the proof is
                    // invalid.
                    bytes memory value = RLPReader.readBytes(currentNode.decoded[1]);
                    require(
                        value.length > 0,
                        "MerkleTrie: value length must be greater than zero (leaf)"
                    );

                    // Extra proof elements are not allowed.
                    require(
                        i == proof.length - 1,
                        "MerkleTrie: value node must be last node in proof (leaf)"
                    );

                    return value;
                } else if (prefix == PREFIX_EXTENSION_EVEN || prefix == PREFIX_EXTENSION_ODD) {
                    // Prefix of 0 or 1 means this is an extension node. We move onto the next node
                    // in the proof and increment the key index by the length of the path remainder
                    // which is equal to the shared nibble length.
                    currentNodeID = _getNodeID(currentNode.decoded[1]);
                    currentKeyIndex += sharedNibbleLength;
                } else {
                    revert("MerkleTrie: received a node with an unknown prefix");
                }
            } else {
                revert("MerkleTrie: received an unparseable node");
            }
        }

        revert("MerkleTrie: ran out of proof elements");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses an array of proof elements into a new array that contains both the original
     *         encoded element and the RLP-decoded element.
     *
     * @param _proof Array of proof elements to parse.
     *
     * @return Proof parsed into easily accessible structs.
     */
    function _parseProof(bytes[] memory _proof) private pure returns (TrieNode[] memory) {
        uint256 length = _proof.length;
        TrieNode[] memory proof = new TrieNode[](length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ) {
            proof[i] = TrieNode({ encoded: _proof[i], decoded: RLPReader.readList(_proof[i]) });
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return proof;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Picks out the ID for a node. Node ID is referred to as the "hash" within the
     *         specification, but nodes < 32 bytes are not actually hashed.
     *
     * @param _node Node to pull an ID for.
     *
     * @return ID for the node, depending on the size of its contents.
     */
    function _getNodeID(RLPReader.RLPItem memory _node) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _node.length < 32 ? RLPReader.readRawBytes(_node) : RLPReader.readBytes(_node);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the path for a leaf or extension node.
     *
     * @param _node Node to get a path for.
     *
     * @return Node path, converted to an array of nibbles.
     */
    function _getNodePath(TrieNode memory _node) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return Bytes.toNibbles(RLPReader.readBytes(_node.decoded[0]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Utility; determines the number of nibbles shared between two nibble arrays.
     *
     * @param _a First nibble array.
     * @param _b Second nibble array.
     *
     * @return Number of shared nibbles.
     */
    function _getSharedNibbleLength(bytes memory _a, bytes memory _b)
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 shared;
        uint256 max = (_a.length < _b.length) ? _a.length : _b.length;
        for (; shared < max && _a[shared] == _b[shared]; ) {
            unchecked {
                ++shared;
            }
        }
        return shared;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/* Library Imports */
import { MerkleTrie } from "./MerkleTrie.sol";

/**
 * @title SecureMerkleTrie
 * @notice SecureMerkleTrie is a thin wrapper around the MerkleTrie library that hashes the input
 *         keys. Ethereum's state trie hashes input keys before storing them.
 */
library SecureMerkleTrie {
    /**
     * @notice Verifies a proof that a given key/value pair is present in the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @param _key   Key of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _value Value of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the desired node. Unlike traditional Merkle
     *               trees, this proof is executed top-down and consists of a list of RLP-encoded
     *               nodes that make a path down to the target node.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie. Used to verify that the included proof is
     *               correctly constructed.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the proof is valid.
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        bytes memory key = _getSecureKey(_key);
        return MerkleTrie.verifyInclusionProof(key, _value, _proof, _root);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the value associated with a given key.
     *
     * @param _key   Key to search for, as hex bytes.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the key.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @return Value of the key if it exists.
     */
    function get(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory key = _getSecureKey(_key);
        return MerkleTrie.get(key, _proof, _root);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the hashed version of the input key.
     *
     * @param _key Key to hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed version of the key.
     */
    function _getSecureKey(bytes memory _key) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(keccak256(_key));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {
    PausableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import {
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { Encoding } from "../libraries/Encoding.sol";
import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer
 * @notice Contract only exists to add a spacer to the CrossDomainMessenger where the
 *         libAddressManager variable used to exist. Must be the first contract in the inheritance
 *         tree of the CrossDomainMessenger
 */
contract CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer libAddressManager
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_0_0_20;
}

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice CrossDomainMessenger is a base contract that provides the core logic for the L1 and L2
 *         cross-chain messenger contracts. It's designed to be a universal interface that only
 *         needs to be extended slightly to provide low-level message passing functionality on each
 *         chain it's deployed on. Currently only designed for message passing between two paired
 *         chains and does not support one-to-many interactions.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainMessenger is
    CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer,
    OwnableUpgradeable,
    PausableUpgradeable,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
{
    /**
     * @notice Current message version identifier.
     */
    uint16 public constant MESSAGE_VERSION = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Constant overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Numerator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR = 1016;

    /**
     * @notice Denominator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR = 1000;

    /**
     * @notice Extra gas added to base gas for each byte of calldata in a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD = 16;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum amount of gas required to relay a message.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED = 45_000;

    /**
     * @notice Amount of gas held in reserve to guarantee that relay execution completes.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RELAY_GAS_BUFFER = RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED - 5000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the paired CrossDomainMessenger contract on the other chain.
     */
    address public immutable OTHER_MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer blockedMessages
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private spacer_201_0_32;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer relayedMessages
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private spacer_202_0_32;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to boolean receipt values. Note that a message will only
     *         be present in this mapping if it has successfully been relayed on this chain, and
     *         can therefore not be relayed again.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public successfulMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain. If the
     *         value of this variable is the default value (0x00000000...dead) then no message is
     *         currently being executed. Use the xDomainMessageSender getter which will throw an
     *         error if this is the case.
     */
    address internal xDomainMsgSender;

    /**
     * @notice Nonce for the next message to be sent, without the message version applied. Use the
     *         messageNonce getter which will insert the message version into the nonce to give you
     *         the actual nonce to be used for the message.
     */
    uint240 internal msgNonce;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to a boolean if and only if the message has failed to be
     *         executed at least once. A message will not be present in this mapping if it
     *         successfully executed on the first attempt.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public failedMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 41 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[42] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is sent to the other chain.
     *
     * @param target       Address of the recipient of the message.
     * @param sender       Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param message      Message to trigger the recipient address with.
     * @param messageNonce Unique nonce attached to the message.
     * @param gasLimit     Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    event SentMessage(
        address indexed target,
        address sender,
        bytes message,
        uint256 messageNonce,
        uint256 gasLimit
    );

    /**
     * @notice Additional event data to emit, required as of Bedrock. Cannot be merged with the
     *         SentMessage event without breaking the ABI of this contract, this is good enough.
     *
     * @param sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param value  ETH value sent along with the message to the recipient.
     */
    event SentMessageExtension1(address indexed sender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is successfully relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that was relayed.
     */
    event RelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message fails to be relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that failed to be relayed.
     */
    event FailedRelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @param _otherMessenger Address of the messenger on the paired chain.
     */
    constructor(address _otherMessenger) {
        OTHER_MESSENGER = _otherMessenger;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner of this contract to temporarily pause message relaying. Backup
     *         security mechanism just in case. Owner should be the same as the upgrade wallet to
     *         maintain the security model of the system as a whole.
     */
    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner of this contract to resume message relaying once paused.
     */
    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a message to some target address on the other chain. Note that if the call
     *         always reverts, then the message will be unrelayable, and any ETH sent will be
     *         permanently locked. The same will occur if the target on the other chain is
     *         considered unsafe (see the _isUnsafeTarget() function).
     *
     * @param _target      Target contract or wallet address.
     * @param _message     Message to trigger the target address with.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _minGasLimit
    ) external payable {
        // Triggers a message to the other messenger. Note that the amount of gas provided to the
        // message is the amount of gas requested by the user PLUS the base gas value. We want to
        // guarantee the property that the call to the target contract will always have at least
        // the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
        _sendMessage(
            OTHER_MESSENGER,
            baseGas(_message, _minGasLimit),
            msg.value,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.relayMessage.selector,
                messageNonce(),
                msg.sender,
                _target,
                msg.value,
                _minGasLimit,
                _message
            )
        );

        emit SentMessage(_target, msg.sender, _message, messageNonce(), _minGasLimit);
        emit SentMessageExtension1(msg.sender, msg.value);

        unchecked {
            ++msgNonce;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Relays a message that was sent by the other CrossDomainMessenger contract. Can only
     *         be executed via cross-chain call from the other messenger OR if the message was
     *         already received once and is currently being replayed.
     *
     * @param _nonce       Nonce of the message being relayed.
     * @param _sender      Address of the user who sent the message.
     * @param _target      Address that the message is targeted at.
     * @param _value       ETH value to send with the message.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the message can be executed with.
     * @param _message     Message to send to the target.
     */
    function relayMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        require(
            version < 2,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: only version 0 or 1 messages are supported at this time"
        );

        // If the message is version 0, then it's a migrated legacy withdrawal. We therefore need
        // to check that the legacy version of the message has not already been relayed.
        if (version == 0) {
            bytes32 oldHash = Hashing.hashCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _message, _nonce);
            require(
                successfulMessages[oldHash] == false,
                "CrossDomainMessenger: legacy withdrawal already relayed"
            );
        }

        // We use the v1 message hash as the unique identifier for the message because it commits
        // to the value and minimum gas limit of the message.
        bytes32 versionedHash = Hashing.hashCrossDomainMessageV1(
            _nonce,
            _sender,
            _target,
            _value,
            _minGasLimit,
            _message
        );

        if (_isOtherMessenger()) {
            // These properties should always hold when the message is first submitted (as
            // opposed to being replayed).
            assert(msg.value == _value);
            assert(!failedMessages[versionedHash]);
        } else {
            require(
                msg.value == 0,
                "CrossDomainMessenger: value must be zero unless message is from a system address"
            );

            require(
                failedMessages[versionedHash],
                "CrossDomainMessenger: message cannot be replayed"
            );
        }

        require(
            _isUnsafeTarget(_target) == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: cannot send message to blocked system address"
        );

        require(
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: message has already been relayed"
        );

        require(
            gasleft() >= _minGasLimit + RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: insufficient gas to relay message"
        );

        xDomainMsgSender = _sender;
        bool success = SafeCall.call(_target, gasleft() - RELAY_GAS_BUFFER, _value, _message);
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        if (success == true) {
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit RelayedMessage(versionedHash);
        } else {
            failedMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit FailedRelayedMessage(versionedHash);

            // Revert in this case if the transaction was triggered by the estimation address. This
            // should only be possible during gas estimation or we have bigger problems. Reverting
            // here will make the behavior of gas estimation change such that the gas limit
            // computed will be the amount required to relay the message, even if that amount is
            // greater than the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
            if (tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
                revert("CrossDomainMessenger: failed to relay message");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the address of the contract or wallet that initiated the currently
     *         executing message on the other chain. Will throw an error if there is no message
     *         currently being executed. Allows the recipient of a call to see who triggered it.
     *
     * @return Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain.
     */
    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address) {
        require(
            xDomainMsgSender != Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: xDomainMessageSender is not set"
        );

        return xDomainMsgSender;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the next message nonce. Message version will be added to the upper two
     *         bytes of the message nonce. Message version allows us to treat messages as having
     *         different structures.
     *
     * @return Nonce of the next message to be sent, with added message version.
     */
    function messageNonce() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Encoding.encodeVersionedNonce(msgNonce, MESSAGE_VERSION);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the amount of gas required to guarantee that a given message will be
     *         received on the other chain without running out of gas. Guaranteeing that a message
     *         will not run out of gas is important because this ensures that a message can always
     *         be replayed on the other chain if it fails to execute completely.
     *
     * @param _message     Message to compute the amount of required gas for.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum desired gas limit when message goes to target.
     *
     * @return Amount of gas required to guarantee message receipt.
     */
    function baseGas(bytes calldata _message, uint32 _minGasLimit) public pure returns (uint64) {
        // We peform the following math on uint64s to avoid overflow errors. Multiplying the
        // by MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR would otherwise limit the _minGasLimit to
        // type(uint32).max / MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR ~= 4.2m.
        return
            // Dynamic overhead
            ((uint64(_minGasLimit) * MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR) /
                MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR) +
            // Calldata overhead
            (uint64(_message.length) * MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD) +
            // Constant overhead
            MIN_GAS_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Intializer.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __CrossDomainMessenger_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
        __Context_init_unchained();
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a low-level message to the other messenger. Needs to be implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @param _to       Recipient of the message on the other chain.
     * @param _gasLimit Minimum gas limit the message can be executed with.
     * @param _value    Amount of ETH to send with the message.
     * @param _data     Message data.
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether the message is coming from the other messenger. Implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @return Whether the message is coming from the other messenger.
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether a given call target is a system address that could cause the
     *         messenger to peform an unsafe action. This is NOT a mechanism for blocking user
     *         addresses. This is ONLY used to prevent the execution of messages to specific
     *         system addresses that could cause security issues, e.g., having the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger send messages to itself.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the contract to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the address is an unsafe system address.
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view virtual returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "./CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC721Bridge
 * @notice ERC721Bridge is a base contract for the L1 and L2 ERC721 bridges.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Bridge {
    /**
     * @notice Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    CrossDomainMessenger public immutable MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the bridge on the other network.
     */
    address public immutable OTHER_BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC721 bridge to the other network is initiated.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param from        Address that initiated bridging action.
     * @param to          Address to receive the token.
     * @param tokenId     ID of the specific token deposited.
     * @param extraData   Extra data for use on the client-side.
     */
    event ERC721BridgeInitiated(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC721 bridge from the other network is finalized.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param from        Address that initiated bridging action.
     * @param to          Address to receive the token.
     * @param tokenId     ID of the specific token deposited.
     * @param extraData   Extra data for use on the client-side.
     */
    event ERC721BridgeFinalized(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Ensures that the caller is a cross-chain message from the other bridge.
     */
    modifier onlyOtherBridge() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(MESSENGER) && MESSENGER.xDomainMessageSender() == OTHER_BRIDGE,
            "ERC721Bridge: function can only be called from the other bridge"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge) {
        require(_messenger != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: messenger cannot be address(0)");
        require(_otherBridge != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: other bridge cannot be address(0)");

        MESSENGER = CrossDomainMessenger(_messenger);
        OTHER_BRIDGE = _otherBridge;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for messenger contract.
     *
     * @return Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    function messenger() external view returns (CrossDomainMessenger) {
        return MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for other bridge address.
     *
     * @return Address of the bridge on the other network.
     */
    function otherBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return OTHER_BRIDGE;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of an NFT to the caller's account on the other chain. Note that
     *         this function can only be called by EOAs. Smart contract wallets should use the
     *         `bridgeERC721To` function after ensuring that the recipient address on the remote
     *         chain exists. Also note that the current owner of the token on this chain must
     *         approve this contract to operate the NFT before it can be bridged.
     *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
     *         bridge only supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
     *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
     *         can be refunded on L2.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other chain. Data supplied here will not
     *                     be used to execute any code on the other chain and is only emitted as
     *                     extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function bridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external {
        // Modifier requiring sender to be EOA. This prevents against a user error that would occur
        // if the sender is a smart contract wallet that has a different address on the remote chain
        // (or doesn't have an address on the remote chain at all). The user would fail to receive
        // the NFT if they use this function because it sends the NFT to the same address as the
        // caller. This check could be bypassed by a malicious contract via initcode, but it takes
        // care of the user error we want to avoid.
        require(!Address.isContract(msg.sender), "ERC721Bridge: account is not externally owned");

        _initiateBridgeERC721(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _tokenId,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of an NFT to some recipient's account on the other chain. Note
     *         that the current owner of the token on this chain must approve this contract to
     *         operate the NFT before it can be bridged.
     *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
     *         bridge only supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
     *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
     *         can be refunded on L2.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on the other domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other chain. Data supplied here will not
     *                     be used to execute any code on the other chain and is only emitted as
     *                     extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function bridgeERC721To(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external {
        require(_to != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: nft recipient cannot be address(0)");

        _initiateBridgeERC721(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating a token bridge to the other domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on this domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on the other domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other domain. Data supplied here will
     *                     not be used to execute any code on the other domain and is only emitted
     *                     as extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal virtual;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { L2StandardBridge } from "../L2/L2StandardBridge.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";

/**
 * @title FeeVault
 * @notice The FeeVault contract contains the basic logic for the various different vault contracts
 *         used to hold fee revenue generated by the L2 system.
 */
abstract contract FeeVault {
    /**
     * @notice Emits each time that a withdrawal occurs.
     *
     * @param value Amount that was withdrawn (in wei).
     * @param to    Address that the funds were sent to.
     * @param from  Address that triggered the withdrawal.
     */
    event Withdrawal(uint256 value, address to, address from);

    /**
     * @notice Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    uint256 public immutable MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT;

    /**
     * @notice Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     */
    address public immutable RECIPIENT;

    /**
     * @notice Total amount of wei processed by the contract.
     */
    uint256 public totalProcessed;

    /**
     * @param _recipient           Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     * @param _minWithdrawalAmount Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient, uint256 _minWithdrawalAmount) {
        MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT = _minWithdrawalAmount;
        RECIPIENT = _recipient;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allow the contract to receive ETH.
     */
    receive() external payable {}

    /**
     * @notice Triggers a withdrawal of funds to the L1 fee wallet.
     */
    function withdraw() external {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT,
            "FeeVault: withdrawal amount must be greater than minimum withdrawal amount"
        );

        uint256 value = address(this).balance;
        totalProcessed += value;

        emit Withdrawal(value, RECIPIENT, msg.sender);

        L2StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE)).bridgeETHTo{ value: value }(
            RECIPIENT,
            20000,
            bytes("")
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IOptimismMintableERC20
 * @notice This interface is available on the OptimismMintableERC20 contract. We declare it as a
 *         separate interface so that it can be used in custom implementations of
 *         OptimismMintableERC20.
 */
interface IOptimismMintableERC20 {
    function remoteToken() external returns (address);

    function bridge() external returns (address);

    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount) external;
}

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title ILegacyMintableERC20
 * @notice This interface was available on the legacy L2StandardERC20 contract. It remains available
 *         on the OptimismMintableERC20 contract for backwards compatibility.
 */
interface ILegacyMintableERC20 is IERC165 {
    function l1Token() external returns (address);

    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {
    IERC721Enumerable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @title IOptimismMintableERC721
 * @notice Interface for contracts that are compatible with the OptimismMintableERC721 standard.
 *         Tokens that follow this standard can be easily transferred across the ERC721 bridge.
 */
interface IOptimismMintableERC721 is IERC721Enumerable {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a token is minted.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account the token was minted to.
     * @param tokenId Token ID of the minted token.
     */
    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a token is burned.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account the token was burned from.
     * @param tokenId Token ID of the burned token.
     */
    event Burn(address indexed account, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @notice Mints some token ID for a user, checking first that contract recipients
     *         are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * @param _to      Address of the user to mint the token for.
     * @param _tokenId Token ID to mint.
     */
    function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @notice Burns a token ID from a user.
     *
     * @param _from    Address of the user to burn the token from.
     * @param _tokenId Token ID to burn.
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID of the chain where the remote token is deployed.
     */
    function REMOTE_CHAIN_ID() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the token on the remote domain.
     */
    function REMOTE_TOKEN() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    function BRIDGE() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID of the chain where the remote token is deployed.
     */
    function remoteChainId() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the token on the remote domain.
     */
    function remoteToken() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    function bridge() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import { ILegacyMintableERC20, IOptimismMintableERC20 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title OptimismMintableERC20
 * @notice OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed
 *         to allow the StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to
 *         use an OptimismMintablERC20 as the L2 representation of an L1 token, or vice-versa.
 *         Designed to be backwards compatible with the older StandardL2ERC20 token which was only
 *         meant for use on L2.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC20 is IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20, ERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the corresponding version of this token on the remote chain.
     */
    address public immutable REMOTE_TOKEN;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the StandardBridge on this network.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever tokens are minted for an account.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account tokens are being minted for.
     * @param amount  Amount of tokens minted.
     */
    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever tokens are burned from an account.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account tokens are being burned from.
     * @param amount  Amount of tokens burned.
     */
    event Burn(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @notice A modifier that only allows the bridge to call
     */
    modifier onlyBridge() {
        require(msg.sender == BRIDGE, "OptimismMintableERC20: only bridge can mint and burn");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _bridge      Address of the L2 standard bridge.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding L1 token.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     */
    constructor(
        address _bridge,
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {
        REMOTE_TOKEN = _remoteToken;
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to mint tokens.
     *
     * @param _to     Address to mint tokens to.
     * @param _amount Amount of tokens to mint.
     */
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _mint(_to, _amount);
        emit Mint(_to, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to burn tokens.
     *
     * @param _from   Address to burn tokens from.
     * @param _amount Amount of tokens to burn.
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _burn(_from, _amount);
        emit Burn(_from, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice ERC165 interface check function.
     *
     * @param _interfaceId Interface ID to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the interface is supported by this contract.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) external pure returns (bool) {
        bytes4 iface1 = type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        // Interface corresponding to the legacy L2StandardERC20.
        bytes4 iface2 = type(ILegacyMintableERC20).interfaceId;
        // Interface corresponding to the updated OptimismMintableERC20 (this contract).
        bytes4 iface3 = type(IOptimismMintableERC20).interfaceId;
        return _interfaceId == iface1 || _interfaceId == iface2 || _interfaceId == iface3;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the remote token. Use REMOTE_TOKEN going forward.
     */
    function l1Token() public view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the bridge. Use BRIDGE going forward.
     */
    function l2Bridge() public view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for REMOTE_TOKEN.
     */
    function remoteToken() public view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for BRIDGE.
     */
    function bridge() public view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/* Contract Imports */
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";
import { Semver } from "./Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeployed 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012
 * @title OptimismMintableERC20Factory
 * @notice OptimismMintableERC20Factory is a factory contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20
 *         contracts on the network it's deployed to. Simplifies the deployment process for users
 *         who may be less familiar with deploying smart contracts. Designed to be backwards
 *         compatible with the older StandardL2ERC20Factory contract.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC20Factory is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the StandardBridge on this chain.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC20 is created. Legacy version of the newer
     *         OptimismMintableERC20Created event. We recommend relying on that event instead.
     *
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param localToken  Address of the created token on the local chain.
     */
    event StandardL2TokenCreated(address indexed remoteToken, address indexed localToken);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC20 is created.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the created token on the local chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param deployer    Address of the account that deployed the token.
     */
    event OptimismMintableERC20Created(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address deployer
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _bridge Address of the StandardBridge on this chain.
     */
    constructor(address _bridge) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Creates an instance of the OptimismMintableERC20 contract. Legacy version of the
     *         newer createOptimismMintableERC20 function, which has a more intuitive name.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     *
     * @return Address of the newly created token.
     */
    function createStandardL2Token(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) external returns (address) {
        return createOptimismMintableERC20(_remoteToken, _name, _symbol);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Creates an instance of the OptimismMintableERC20 contract.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     *
     * @return Address of the newly created token.
     */
    function createOptimismMintableERC20(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) public returns (address) {
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC20Factory: must provide remote token address"
        );

        address localToken = address(
            new OptimismMintableERC20(BRIDGE, _remoteToken, _name, _symbol)
        );

        // Emit the old event too for legacy support.
        emit StandardL2TokenCreated(_remoteToken, localToken);

        // Emit the updated event. The arguments here differ from the legacy event, but
        // are consistent with the ordering used in StandardBridge events.
        emit OptimismMintableERC20Created(localToken, _remoteToken, msg.sender);

        return localToken;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {
    ERC721Enumerable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import { ERC721 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import { Strings } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC721 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title OptimismMintableERC721
 * @notice This contract is the remote representation for some token that lives on another network,
 *         typically an Optimism representation of an Ethereum-based token. Standard reference
 *         implementation that can be extended or modified according to your needs.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC721 is ERC721Enumerable, IOptimismMintableERC721 {
    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    uint256 public immutable REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    address public immutable REMOTE_TOKEN;

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Base token URI for this token.
     */
    string public baseTokenURI;

    /**
     * @notice Modifier that prevents callers other than the bridge from calling the function.
     */
    modifier onlyBridge() {
        require(msg.sender == BRIDGE, "OptimismMintableERC721: only bridge can call this function");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _bridge        Address of the bridge on this network.
     * @param _remoteChainId Chain ID where the remote token is deployed.
     * @param _remoteToken   Address of the corresponding token on the other network.
     * @param _name          ERC721 name.
     * @param _symbol        ERC721 symbol.
     */
    constructor(
        address _bridge,
        uint256 _remoteChainId,
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) {
        require(_bridge != address(0), "OptimismMintableERC721: bridge cannot be address(0)");
        require(_remoteChainId != 0, "OptimismMintableERC721: remote chain id cannot be zero");
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC721: remote token cannot be address(0)"
        );

        REMOTE_CHAIN_ID = _remoteChainId;
        REMOTE_TOKEN = _remoteToken;
        BRIDGE = _bridge;

        // Creates a base URI in the format specified by EIP-681:
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-681
        baseTokenURI = string(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "ethereum:",
                Strings.toHexString(uint160(_remoteToken), 20),
                "@",
                Strings.toString(_remoteChainId),
                "/tokenURI?uint256="
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function remoteChainId() external view returns (uint256) {
        return REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function remoteToken() external view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function bridge() external view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external virtual onlyBridge {
        _safeMint(_to, _tokenId);

        emit Mint(_to, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _tokenId) external virtual onlyBridge {
        _burn(_tokenId);

        emit Burn(_from, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given interface ID is supported by this contract.
     *
     * @param _interfaceId The interface ID to check.
     *
     * @return True if the interface ID is supported, false otherwise.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721Enumerable, IERC165)
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes4 iface1 = type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        bytes4 iface2 = type(IOptimismMintableERC721).interfaceId;
        return
            _interfaceId == iface1 ||
            _interfaceId == iface2 ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the base token URI.
     *
     * @return Base token URI.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return baseTokenURI;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { OptimismMintableERC721 } from "./OptimismMintableERC721.sol";
import { Semver } from "./Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title OptimismMintableERC721Factory
 * @notice Factory contract for creating OptimismMintableERC721 contracts.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC721Factory is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID for the remote network.
     */
    uint256 public immutable REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;

    /**
     * @notice Tracks addresses created by this factory.
     */
    mapping(address => bool) public isOptimismMintableERC721;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC721 contract is created.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on the this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param deployer    Address of the initiator of the deployment
     */
    event OptimismMintableERC721Created(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address deployer
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _bridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     * @param _remoteChainId Chain ID for the remote network.
     */
    constructor(address _bridge, uint256 _remoteChainId) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
        REMOTE_CHAIN_ID = _remoteChainId;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Creates an instance of the standard ERC721.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the other domain.
     * @param _name        ERC721 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC721 symbol.
     */
    function createOptimismMintableERC721(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) external returns (address) {
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC721Factory: L1 token address cannot be address(0)"
        );

        address localToken = address(
            new OptimismMintableERC721(BRIDGE, REMOTE_CHAIN_ID, _remoteToken, _name, _symbol)
        );

        isOptimismMintableERC721[localToken] = true;
        emit OptimismMintableERC721Created(localToken, _remoteToken, msg.sender);

        return localToken;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @notice Proxy is a transparent proxy that passes through the call if the caller is the owner or
 *         if the caller is address(0), meaning that the call originated from an off-chain
 *         simulation.
 */
contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @notice The storage slot that holds the address of the implementation.
     *         bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_KEY =
        0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @notice The storage slot that holds the address of the owner.
     *         bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.admin')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant OWNER_KEY =
        0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @notice An event that is emitted each time the implementation is changed. This event is part
     *         of the EIP-1967 specification.
     *
     * @param implementation The address of the implementation contract
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @notice An event that is emitted each time the owner is upgraded. This event is part of the
     *         EIP-1967 specification.
     *
     * @param previousAdmin The previous owner of the contract
     * @param newAdmin      The new owner of the contract
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @notice A modifier that reverts if not called by the owner or by address(0) to allow
     *         eth_call to interact with this proxy without needing to use low-level storage
     *         inspection. We assume that nobody is able to trigger calls from address(0) during
     *         normal EVM execution.
     */
    modifier proxyCallIfNotAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin() || msg.sender == address(0)) {
            _;
        } else {
            // This WILL halt the call frame on completion.
            _doProxyCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the initial admin during contract deployment. Admin address is stored at the
     *         EIP-1967 admin storage slot so that accidental storage collision with the
     *         implementation is not possible.
     *
     * @param _admin Address of the initial contract admin. Admin as the ability to access the
     *               transparent proxy interface.
     */
    constructor(address _admin) {
        _changeAdmin(_admin);
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    receive() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    fallback() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the implementation contract address. The code at the given address will execute
     *         when this contract is called.
     *
     * @param _implementation Address of the implementation contract.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address _implementation) external proxyCallIfNotAdmin {
        _setImplementation(_implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the implementation and call a function in a single transaction. Useful to ensure
     *         atomic execution of initialization-based upgrades.
     *
     * @param _implementation Address of the implementation contract.
     * @param _data           Calldata to delegatecall the new implementation with.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address _implementation, bytes calldata _data)
        external
        payable
        proxyCallIfNotAdmin
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        _setImplementation(_implementation);
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = _implementation.delegatecall(_data);
        require(success, "Proxy: delegatecall to new implementation contract failed");
        return returndata;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _admin New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address _admin) external proxyCallIfNotAdmin {
        _changeAdmin(_admin);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function admin() external proxyCallIfNotAdmin returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function implementation() external proxyCallIfNotAdmin returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation address.
     *
     * @param _implementation New implementation address.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address _implementation) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY, _implementation)
        }
        emit Upgraded(_implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @param _admin New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address _admin) internal {
        address previous = _getAdmin();
        assembly {
            sstore(OWNER_KEY, _admin)
        }
        emit AdminChanged(previous, _admin);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Performs the proxy call via a delegatecall.
     */
    function _doProxyCall() internal {
        address impl = _getImplementation();
        require(impl != address(0), "Proxy: implementation not initialized");

        assembly {
            // Copy calldata into memory at 0x0....calldatasize.
            calldatacopy(0x0, 0x0, calldatasize())

            // Perform the delegatecall, make sure to pass all available gas.
            let success := delegatecall(gas(), impl, 0x0, calldatasize(), 0x0, 0x0)

            // Copy returndata into memory at 0x0....returndatasize. Note that this *will*
            // overwrite the calldata that we just copied into memory but that doesn't really
            // matter because we'll be returning in a second anyway.
            returndatacopy(0x0, 0x0, returndatasize())

            // Success == 0 means a revert. We'll revert too and pass the data up.
            if iszero(success) {
                revert(0x0, returndatasize())
            }

            // Otherwise we'll just return and pass the data up.
            return(0x0, returndatasize())
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        address impl;
        assembly {
            impl := sload(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY)
        }
        return impl;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        address owner;
        assembly {
            owner := sload(OWNER_KEY)
        }
        return owner;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import { Proxy } from "./Proxy.sol";
import { AddressManager } from "../legacy/AddressManager.sol";
import { L1ChugSplashProxy } from "../legacy/L1ChugSplashProxy.sol";

/**
 * @title IStaticERC1967Proxy
 * @notice IStaticERC1967Proxy is a static version of the ERC1967 proxy interface.
 */
interface IStaticERC1967Proxy {
    function implementation() external view returns (address);

    function admin() external view returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy
 * @notice IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy is a static version of the ChugSplash proxy interface.
 */
interface IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy {
    function getImplementation() external view returns (address);

    function getOwner() external view returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title ProxyAdmin
 * @notice This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of an ERC1967 Proxy,
 *         based on the OpenZeppelin implementation. It has backwards compatibility logic to work
 *         with the various types of proxies that have been deployed by Optimism in the past.
 */
contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice The proxy types that the ProxyAdmin can manage.
     *
     * @custom:value ERC1967    Represents an ERC1967 compliant transparent proxy interface.
     * @custom:value CHUGSPLASH Represents the Chugsplash proxy interface (legacy).
     * @custom:value RESOLVED   Represents the ResolvedDelegate proxy (legacy).
     */
    enum ProxyType {
        ERC1967,
        CHUGSPLASH,
        RESOLVED
    }

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of proxy types, used for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(address => ProxyType) public proxyType;

    /**
     * @notice A reverse mapping of addresses to names held in the AddressManager. This must be
     *         manually kept up to date with changes in the AddressManager for this contract
     *         to be able to work as an admin for the ResolvedDelegateProxy type.
     */
    mapping(address => string) public implementationName;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the address manager, this is required to manage the
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type.
     */
    AddressManager public addressManager;

    /**
     * @notice A legacy upgrading indicator used by the old Chugsplash Proxy.
     */
    bool internal upgrading;

    /**
     * @param _owner Address of the initial owner of this contract.
     */
    constructor(address _owner) Ownable() {
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the proxy type for a given address. Only required for non-standard (legacy)
     *         proxy types.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the proxy.
     * @param _type    Type of the proxy.
     */
    function setProxyType(address _address, ProxyType _type) external onlyOwner {
        proxyType[_address] = _type;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation name for a given address. Only required for
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type proxies that have an implementation name.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the ResolvedDelegateProxy.
     * @param _name    Name of the implementation for the proxy.
     */
    function setImplementationName(address _address, string memory _name) external onlyOwner {
        implementationName[_address] = _name;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the address of the AddressManager. This is required to manage legacy
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type proxy contracts.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the AddressManager.
     */
    function setAddressManager(AddressManager _address) external onlyOwner {
        addressManager = _address;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Set an address in the address manager. Since only the owner of the AddressManager
     *         can directly modify addresses and the ProxyAdmin will own the AddressManager, this
     *         gives the owner of the ProxyAdmin the ability to modify addresses directly.
     *
     * @param _name    Name to set within the AddressManager.
     * @param _address Address to attach to the given name.
     */
    function setAddress(string memory _name, address _address) external onlyOwner {
        addressManager.setAddress(_name, _address);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Set the upgrading status for the Chugsplash proxy type.
     *
     * @param _upgrading Whether or not the system is upgrading.
     */
    function setUpgrading(bool _upgrading) external onlyOwner {
        upgrading = _upgrading;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy function used to tell ChugSplashProxy contracts if an upgrade is happening.
     *
     * @return Whether or not there is an upgrade going on. May not actually tell you whether an
     *         upgrade is going on, since we don't currently plan to use this variable for anything
     *         other than a legacy indicator to fix a UX bug in the ChugSplash proxy.
     */
    function isUpgrading() external view returns (bool) {
        return upgrading;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the implementation of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy Address of the proxy to get the implementation of.
     *
     * @return Address of the implementation of the proxy.
     */
    function getProxyImplementation(address _proxy) external view returns (address) {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            return IStaticERC1967Proxy(_proxy).implementation();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            return IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).getImplementation();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            return addressManager.getAddress(implementationName[_proxy]);
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the admin of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy Address of the proxy to get the admin of.
     *
     * @return Address of the admin of the proxy.
     */
    function getProxyAdmin(address payable _proxy) external view returns (address) {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            return IStaticERC1967Proxy(_proxy).admin();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            return IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).getOwner();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            return addressManager.owner();
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the admin of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy    Address of the proxy to update.
     * @param _newAdmin Address of the new proxy admin.
     */
    function changeProxyAdmin(address payable _proxy, address _newAdmin) external onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).changeAdmin(_newAdmin);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            L1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).setOwner(_newAdmin);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            addressManager.transferOwnership(_newAdmin);
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes a proxy's implementation contract.
     *
     * @param _proxy          Address of the proxy to upgrade.
     * @param _implementation Address of the new implementation address.
     */
    function upgrade(address payable _proxy, address _implementation) public onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).upgradeTo(_implementation);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            L1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).setStorage(
                // bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
                0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc,
                bytes32(uint256(uint160(_implementation)))
            );
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            string memory name = implementationName[_proxy];
            addressManager.setAddress(name, _implementation);
        } else {
            // It should not be possible to retrieve a ProxyType value which is not matched by
            // one of the previous conditions.
            assert(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes a proxy's implementation contract and delegatecalls the new implementation
     *         with some given data. Useful for atomic upgrade-and-initialize calls.
     *
     * @param _proxy          Address of the proxy to upgrade.
     * @param _implementation Address of the new implementation address.
     * @param _data           Data to trigger the new implementation with.
     */
    function upgradeAndCall(
        address payable _proxy,
        address _implementation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external payable onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).upgradeToAndCall{ value: msg.value }(_implementation, _data);
        } else {
            // reverts if proxy type is unknown
            upgrade(_proxy, _implementation);
            (bool success, ) = _proxy.call{ value: msg.value }(_data);
            require(success, "ProxyAdmin: call to proxy after upgrade failed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.15;

import { Strings } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

/**
 * @title Semver
 * @notice Semver is a simple contract for managing contract versions.
 */
contract Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (major).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MAJOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (minor).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MINOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (patch).
     */
    uint256 private immutable PATCH_VERSION;

    /**
     * @param _major Version number (major).
     * @param _minor Version number (minor).
     * @param _patch Version number (patch).
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 _major,
        uint256 _minor,
        uint256 _patch
    ) {
        MAJOR_VERSION = _major;
        MINOR_VERSION = _minor;
        PATCH_VERSION = _patch;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the full semver contract version.
     *
     * @return Semver contract version as a string.
     */
    function version() public view returns (string memory) {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    Strings.toString(MAJOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(MINOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(PATCH_VERSION)
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { ERC165Checker } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC20.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "./CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "./OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title StandardBridge
 * @notice StandardBridge is a base contract for the L1 and L2 standard ERC20 bridges. It handles
 *         the core bridging logic, including escrowing tokens that are native to the local chain
 *         and minting/burning tokens that are native to the remote chain.
 */
abstract contract StandardBridge {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is depoisited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint32 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    CrossDomainMessenger public immutable MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Corresponding bridge on the other domain.
     */
    StandardBridge public immutable OTHER_BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer messenger
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_0_0_20;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer l2TokenBridge
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_1_0_20;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping that stores deposits for a given pair of local and remote tokens.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public deposits;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 47 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[47] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeInitiated(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeFinalized(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeInitiated(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeFinalized(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Only allow EOAs to call the functions. Note that this is not safe against contracts
     *         calling code within their constructors, but also doesn't really matter since we're
     *         just trying to prevent users accidentally depositing with smart contract wallets.
     */
    modifier onlyEOA() {
        require(
            !Address.isContract(msg.sender),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from an EOA"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Ensures that the caller is a cross-chain message from the other bridge.
     */
    modifier onlyOtherBridge() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(MESSENGER) &&
                MESSENGER.xDomainMessageSender() == address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from the other bridge"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _messenger   Address of CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the other StandardBridge contract.
     */
    constructor(address payable _messenger, address payable _otherBridge) {
        MESSENGER = CrossDomainMessenger(_messenger);
        OTHER_BRIDGE = StandardBridge(_otherBridge);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows EOAs to deposit ETH by sending directly to the bridge.
     */
    receive() external payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, msg.sender, msg.value, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for messenger contract.
     *
     * @return Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    function messenger() external view returns (CrossDomainMessenger) {
        return MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to the sender's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETH(uint32 _minGasLimit, bytes calldata _extraData) public payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, msg.sender, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if ETH is sent to a
     *         smart contract and the call fails, the ETH will be temporarily locked in the
     *         StandardBridge on the other chain until the call is replayed. If the call cannot be
     *         replayed with any amount of gas (call always reverts), then the ETH will be
     *         permanently locked in the StandardBridge on the other chain. ETH will also
     *         be locked if the receiver is the other bridge, because finalizeBridgeETH will revert
     *         in that case.
     *
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, _to, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to the sender's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20To(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public virtual {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ETH bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _from      Address of the sender.
     * @param _to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount    Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _extraData Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                   not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                   to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable onlyOtherBridge {
        require(msg.value == _amount, "StandardBridge: amount sent does not match amount required");
        require(_to != address(this), "StandardBridge: cannot send to self");
        require(_to != address(MESSENGER), "StandardBridge: cannot send to messenger");

        emit ETHBridgeFinalized(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        bool success = SafeCall.call(_to, gasleft(), _amount, hex"");
        require(success, "StandardBridge: ETH transfer failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ERC20 bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 being bridged.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public onlyOtherBridge {
        if (_isOptimismMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            OptimismMintableERC20(_localToken).mint(_to, _amount);
        } else {
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] - _amount;
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransfer(_to, _amount);
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of ETH through the CrossDomainMessenger.
     *
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes memory _extraData
    ) internal {
        require(
            msg.value == _amount,
            "StandardBridge: bridging ETH must include sufficient ETH value"
        );

        emit ETHBridgeInitiated(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage{ value: _amount }(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeETH.selector,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        if (_isOptimismMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            OptimismMintableERC20(_localToken).burn(_from, _amount);
        } else {
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransferFrom(_from, address(this), _amount);
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] + _amount;
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeInitiated(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeERC20.selector,
                // Because this call will be executed on the remote chain, we reverse the order of
                // the remote and local token addresses relative to their order in the
                // finalizeBridgeERC20 function.
                _remoteToken,
                _localToken,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given address is an OptimismMintableERC20. Not perfect, but good enough.
     *         Just the way we like it.
     *
     * @param _token Address of the token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the token is an OptimismMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isOptimismMintableERC20(address _token) internal view returns (bool) {
        return
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_token, type(ILegacyMintableERC20).interfaceId) ||
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_token, type(IOptimismMintableERC20).interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if the "other token" is the correct pair token for the OptimismMintableERC20.
     *
     * @param _mintableToken OptimismMintableERC20 to check against.
     * @param _otherToken    Pair token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the other token is the correct pair token for the OptimismMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isCorrectTokenPair(address _mintableToken, address _otherToken)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _otherToken == OptimismMintableERC20(_mintableToken).l1Token();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

/*
 * Copyright 2019-2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library AddressAliasHelper {
    uint160 constant offset = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
    /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
    /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
        unchecked {
            l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + offset);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
    /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
    /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
        unchecked {
            l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - offset);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (governance/utils/IVotes.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Common interface for {ERC20Votes}, {ERC721Votes}, and other {Votes}-enabled contracts.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
interface IVotes {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when an account changes their delegate.
     */
    event DelegateChanged(address indexed delegator, address indexed fromDelegate, address indexed toDelegate);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a token transfer or delegate change results in changes to a delegate's number of votes.
     */
    event DelegateVotesChanged(address indexed delegate, uint256 previousBalance, uint256 newBalance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current amount of votes that `account` has.
     */
    function getVotes(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of votes that `account` had at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
     */
    function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total supply of votes available at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
     *
     * NOTE: This value is the sum of all available votes, which is not necessarily the sum of all delegated votes.
     * Votes that have not been delegated are still part of total supply, even though they would not participate in a
     * vote.
     */
    function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the delegate that `account` has chosen.
     */
    function delegates(address account) external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegate(address delegatee) external;

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegateBySig(
        address delegatee,
        uint256 nonce,
        uint256 expiry,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts. Equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!Address.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * `initializer` is equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`, so a reinitializer may be used after the original
     * initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that are added through upgrades and that require
     * initialization.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[to] += amount;

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to destroy both their own
 * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
 * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
 */
abstract contract ERC20Burnable is Context, ERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn}.
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``accounts``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _spendAllowance(account, _msgSender(), amount);
        _burn(account, amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Votes.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./draft-ERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/math/Math.sol";
import "../../../governance/utils/IVotes.sol";
import "../../../utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of ERC20 to support Compound-like voting and delegation. This version is more generic than Compound's,
 * and supports token supply up to 2^224^ - 1, while COMP is limited to 2^96^ - 1.
 *
 * NOTE: If exact COMP compatibility is required, use the {ERC20VotesComp} variant of this module.
 *
 * This extension keeps a history (checkpoints) of each account's vote power. Vote power can be delegated either
 * by calling the {delegate} function directly, or by providing a signature to be used with {delegateBySig}. Voting
 * power can be queried through the public accessors {getVotes} and {getPastVotes}.
 *
 * By default, token balance does not account for voting power. This makes transfers cheaper. The downside is that it
 * requires users to delegate to themselves in order to activate checkpoints and have their voting power tracked.
 *
 * _Available since v4.2._
 */
abstract contract ERC20Votes is IVotes, ERC20Permit {
    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 fromBlock;
        uint224 votes;
    }

    bytes32 private constant _DELEGATION_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Delegation(address delegatee,uint256 nonce,uint256 expiry)");

    mapping(address => address) private _delegates;
    mapping(address => Checkpoint[]) private _checkpoints;
    Checkpoint[] private _totalSupplyCheckpoints;

    /**
     * @dev Get the `pos`-th checkpoint for `account`.
     */
    function checkpoints(address account, uint32 pos) public view virtual returns (Checkpoint memory) {
        return _checkpoints[account][pos];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Get number of checkpoints for `account`.
     */
    function numCheckpoints(address account) public view virtual returns (uint32) {
        return SafeCast.toUint32(_checkpoints[account].length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Get the address `account` is currently delegating to.
     */
    function delegates(address account) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return _delegates[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gets the current votes balance for `account`
     */
    function getVotes(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 pos = _checkpoints[account].length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _checkpoints[account][pos - 1].votes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Retrieve the number of votes for `account` at the end of `blockNumber`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
     */
    function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
        return _checkpointsLookup(_checkpoints[account], blockNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Retrieve the `totalSupply` at the end of `blockNumber`. Note, this value is the sum of all balances.
     * It is but NOT the sum of all the delegated votes!
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
     */
    function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
        return _checkpointsLookup(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, blockNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Lookup a value in a list of (sorted) checkpoints.
     */
    function _checkpointsLookup(Checkpoint[] storage ckpts, uint256 blockNumber) private view returns (uint256) {
        // We run a binary search to look for the earliest checkpoint taken after `blockNumber`.
        //
        // During the loop, the index of the wanted checkpoint remains in the range [low-1, high).
        // With each iteration, either `low` or `high` is moved towards the middle of the range to maintain the invariant.
        // - If the middle checkpoint is after `blockNumber`, we look in [low, mid)
        // - If the middle checkpoint is before or equal to `blockNumber`, we look in [mid+1, high)
        // Once we reach a single value (when low == high), we've found the right checkpoint at the index high-1, if not
        // out of bounds (in which case we're looking too far in the past and the result is 0).
        // Note that if the latest checkpoint available is exactly for `blockNumber`, we end up with an index that is
        // past the end of the array, so we technically don't find a checkpoint after `blockNumber`, but it works out
        // the same.
        uint256 high = ckpts.length;
        uint256 low = 0;
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
            if (ckpts[mid].fromBlock > blockNumber) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        return high == 0 ? 0 : ckpts[high - 1].votes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Delegate votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegate(address delegatee) public virtual override {
        _delegate(_msgSender(), delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`
     */
    function delegateBySig(
        address delegatee,
        uint256 nonce,
        uint256 expiry,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= expiry, "ERC20Votes: signature expired");
        address signer = ECDSA.recover(
            _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(_DELEGATION_TYPEHASH, delegatee, nonce, expiry))),
            v,
            r,
            s
        );
        require(nonce == _useNonce(signer), "ERC20Votes: invalid nonce");
        _delegate(signer, delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Maximum token supply. Defaults to `type(uint224).max` (2^224^ - 1).
     */
    function _maxSupply() internal view virtual returns (uint224) {
        return type(uint224).max;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been increased.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
        super._mint(account, amount);
        require(totalSupply() <= _maxSupply(), "ERC20Votes: total supply risks overflowing votes");

        _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _add, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been decreased.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
        super._burn(account, amount);

        _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _subtract, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Move voting power when tokens are transferred.
     *
     * Emits a {DelegateVotesChanged} event.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        _moveVotingPower(delegates(from), delegates(to), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Change delegation for `delegator` to `delegatee`.
     *
     * Emits events {DelegateChanged} and {DelegateVotesChanged}.
     */
    function _delegate(address delegator, address delegatee) internal virtual {
        address currentDelegate = delegates(delegator);
        uint256 delegatorBalance = balanceOf(delegator);
        _delegates[delegator] = delegatee;

        emit DelegateChanged(delegator, currentDelegate, delegatee);

        _moveVotingPower(currentDelegate, delegatee, delegatorBalance);
    }

    function _moveVotingPower(
        address src,
        address dst,
        uint256 amount
    ) private {
        if (src != dst && amount > 0) {
            if (src != address(0)) {
                (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[src], _subtract, amount);
                emit DelegateVotesChanged(src, oldWeight, newWeight);
            }

            if (dst != address(0)) {
                (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[dst], _add, amount);
                emit DelegateVotesChanged(dst, oldWeight, newWeight);
            }
        }
    }

    function _writeCheckpoint(
        Checkpoint[] storage ckpts,
        function(uint256, uint256) view returns (uint256) op,
        uint256 delta
    ) private returns (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) {
        uint256 pos = ckpts.length;
        oldWeight = pos == 0 ? 0 : ckpts[pos - 1].votes;
        newWeight = op(oldWeight, delta);

        if (pos > 0 && ckpts[pos - 1].fromBlock == block.number) {
            ckpts[pos - 1].votes = SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight);
        } else {
            ckpts.push(Checkpoint({fromBlock: SafeCast.toUint32(block.number), votes: SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight)}));
        }
    }

    function _add(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    function _subtract(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-ERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../ERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import "../../../utils/Counters.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC20Permit, EIP712 {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;

    mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _nonces;

    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private constant _PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
    /**
     * @dev In previous versions `_PERMIT_TYPEHASH` was declared as `immutable`.
     * However, to ensure consistency with the upgradeable transpiler, we will continue
     * to reserve a slot.
     * @custom:oz-renamed-from _PERMIT_TYPEHASH
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private _PERMIT_TYPEHASH_DEPRECATED_SLOT;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
     *
     * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
     */
    constructor(string memory name) EIP712(name, "1") {}

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-permit}.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "ERC20Permit: expired deadline");

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));

        bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);

        address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
        require(signer == owner, "ERC20Permit: invalid signature");

        _approve(owner, spender, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-nonces}.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _nonces[owner].current();
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-DOMAIN_SEPARATOR}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view override returns (bytes32) {
        return _domainSeparatorV4();
    }

    /**
     * @dev "Consume a nonce": return the current value and increment.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256 current) {
        Counters.Counter storage nonce = _nonces[owner];
        current = nonce.current();
        nonce.increment();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner nor approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner nor approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[owner] -= 1;
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[from] -= 1;
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Enumerable is ERC721, IERC721Enumerable {
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Enumerable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Counters.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Counters
 * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
 * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented, decremented or reset. This can be used e.g. to track the number
 * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
 *
 * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
 */
library Counters {
    struct Counter {
        // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
        // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
        // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
        uint256 _value; // default: 0
    }

    function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return counter._value;
    }

    function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
        unchecked {
            counter._value += 1;
        }
    }

    function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
        uint256 value = counter._value;
        require(value > 0, "Counter: decrement overflow");
        unchecked {
            counter._value = value - 1;
        }
    }

    function reset(Counter storage counter) internal {
        counter._value = 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.3) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }
        if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
 * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
 * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract EIP712 {
    /* solhint-disable var-name-mixedcase */
    // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
    // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
    bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
    uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
    address private immutable _CACHED_THIS;

    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_NAME;
    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_VERSION;
    bytes32 private immutable _TYPE_HASH;

    /* solhint-enable var-name-mixedcase */

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
        bytes32 hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
        bytes32 hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
        bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );
        _HASHED_NAME = hashedName;
        _HASHED_VERSION = hashedVersion;
        _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
        _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(typeHash, hashedName, hashedVersion);
        _CACHED_THIS = address(this);
        _TYPE_HASH = typeHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(this) == _CACHED_THIS && block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID) {
            return _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
        } else {
            return _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME, _HASHED_VERSION);
        }
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator(
        bytes32 typeHash,
        bytes32 nameHash,
        bytes32 versionHash
    ) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return ECDSA.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.2) (utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Library used to query support of an interface declared via {IERC165}.
 *
 * Note that these functions return the actual result of the query: they do not
 * `revert` if an interface is not supported. It is up to the caller to decide
 * what to do in these cases.
 */
library ERC165Checker {
    // As per the EIP-165 spec, no interface should ever match 0xffffffff
    bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID = 0xffffffff;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the {IERC165} interface,
     */
    function supportsERC165(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // Any contract that implements ERC165 must explicitly indicate support of
        // InterfaceId_ERC165 and explicitly indicate non-support of InterfaceId_Invalid
        return
            _supportsERC165Interface(account, type(IERC165).interfaceId) &&
            !_supportsERC165Interface(account, _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of both ERC165 as per the spec and support of _interfaceId
        return supportsERC165(account) && _supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a boolean array where each value corresponds to the
     * interfaces passed in and whether they're supported or not. This allows
     * you to batch check interfaces for a contract where your expectation
     * is that some interfaces may not be supported.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function getSupportedInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool[] memory)
    {
        // an array of booleans corresponding to interfaceIds and whether they're supported or not
        bool[] memory interfaceIdsSupported = new bool[](interfaceIds.length);

        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (supportsERC165(account)) {
            // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                interfaceIdsSupported[i] = _supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceIds[i]);
            }
        }

        return interfaceIdsSupported;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports all the interfaces defined in
     * `interfaceIds`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * Batch-querying can lead to gas savings by skipping repeated checks for
     * {IERC165} support.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsAllInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (!supportsERC165(account)) {
            return false;
        }

        // query support of each interface in _interfaceIds
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
            if (!_supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceIds[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // all interfaces supported
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Query if a contract implements an interface, does not check ERC165 support
     * @param account The address of the contract to query for support of an interface
     * @param interfaceId The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
     * @return true if the contract at account indicates support of the interface with
     * identifier interfaceId, false otherwise
     * @dev Assumes that account contains a contract that supports ERC165, otherwise
     * the behavior of this method is undefined. This precondition can be checked
     * with {supportsERC165}.
     * Interface identification is specified in ERC-165.
     */
    function _supportsERC165Interface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) private view returns (bool) {
        // prepare call
        bytes memory encodedParams = abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC165.supportsInterface.selector, interfaceId);

        // perform static call
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(30000, account, add(encodedParams, 0x20), mload(encodedParams), 0x00, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0x00)
        }

        return success && returnSize >= 0x20 && returnValue > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. It the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`.
        // We also know that `k`, the position of the most significant bit, is such that `msb(a) = 2**k`.
        // This gives `2**k < a <= 2**(k+1)` → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2 ** (k/2+1)`.
        // Using an algorithm similar to the msb conmputation, we are able to compute `result = 2**(k/2)` which is a
        // good first aproximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1;
        uint256 x = a;
        if (x >> 128 > 0) {
            x >>= 128;
            result <<= 64;
        }
        if (x >> 64 > 0) {
            x >>= 64;
            result <<= 32;
        }
        if (x >> 32 > 0) {
            x >>= 32;
            result <<= 16;
        }
        if (x >> 16 > 0) {
            x >>= 16;
            result <<= 8;
        }
        if (x >> 8 > 0) {
            x >>= 8;
            result <<= 4;
        }
        if (x >> 4 > 0) {
            x >>= 4;
            result <<= 2;
        }
        if (x >> 2 > 0) {
            result <<= 1;
        }

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = sqrt(a);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248) {
        require(value >= type(int248).min && value <= type(int248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return int248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240) {
        require(value >= type(int240).min && value <= type(int240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return int240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232) {
        require(value >= type(int232).min && value <= type(int232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return int232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224) {
        require(value >= type(int224).min && value <= type(int224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return int224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216) {
        require(value >= type(int216).min && value <= type(int216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return int216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208) {
        require(value >= type(int208).min && value <= type(int208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return int208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200) {
        require(value >= type(int200).min && value <= type(int200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return int200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192) {
        require(value >= type(int192).min && value <= type(int192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return int192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184) {
        require(value >= type(int184).min && value <= type(int184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return int184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176) {
        require(value >= type(int176).min && value <= type(int176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return int176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168) {
        require(value >= type(int168).min && value <= type(int168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return int168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160) {
        require(value >= type(int160).min && value <= type(int160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return int160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152) {
        require(value >= type(int152).min && value <= type(int152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return int152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144) {
        require(value >= type(int144).min && value <= type(int144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return int144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136) {
        require(value >= type(int136).min && value <= type(int136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return int136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128) {
        require(value >= type(int128).min && value <= type(int128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return int128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120) {
        require(value >= type(int120).min && value <= type(int120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return int120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112) {
        require(value >= type(int112).min && value <= type(int112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return int112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104) {
        require(value >= type(int104).min && value <= type(int104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return int104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96) {
        require(value >= type(int96).min && value <= type(int96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return int96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88) {
        require(value >= type(int88).min && value <= type(int88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return int88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80) {
        require(value >= type(int80).min && value <= type(int80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return int80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72) {
        require(value >= type(int72).min && value <= type(int72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return int72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64) {
        require(value >= type(int64).min && value <= type(int64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return int64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56) {
        require(value >= type(int56).min && value <= type(int56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return int56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48) {
        require(value >= type(int48).min && value <= type(int48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return int48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40) {
        require(value >= type(int40).min && value <= type(int40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return int40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32) {
        require(value >= type(int32).min && value <= type(int32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return int32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24) {
        require(value >= type(int24).min && value <= type(int24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return int24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16) {
        require(value >= type(int16).min && value <= type(int16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return int16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8) {
        require(value >= type(int8).min && value <= type(int8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return int8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts. Equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * `initializer` is equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`, so a reinitializer may be used after the original
     * initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that are added through upgrades and that require
     * initialization.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Library for converting between addresses and bytes32 values.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/Rari-Capital/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/Bytes32AddressLib.sol)
library Bytes32AddressLib {
    function fromLast20Bytes(bytes32 bytesValue) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(bytesValue)));
    }

    function fillLast12Bytes(address addressValue) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(bytes20(addressValue));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Arithmetic library with operations for fixed-point numbers.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/Rari-Capital/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol)
library FixedPointMathLib {
    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    SIMPLIFIED FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    uint256 internal constant WAD = 1e18; // The scalar of ETH and most ERC20s.

    function mulWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded down.
    }

    function mulWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded up.
    }

    function divWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded down.
    }

    function divWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded up.
    }

    function powWad(int256 x, int256 y) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Equivalent to x to the power of y because x ** y = (e ** ln(x)) ** y = e ** (ln(x) * y)
        return expWad((lnWad(x) * y) / int256(WAD)); // Using ln(x) means x must be greater than 0.
    }

    function expWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            // When the result is < 0.5 we return zero. This happens when
            // x <= floor(log(0.5e18) * 1e18) ~ -42e18
            if (x <= -42139678854452767551) return 0;

            // When the result is > (2**255 - 1) / 1e18 we can not represent it as an
            // int. This happens when x >= floor(log((2**255 - 1) / 1e18) * 1e18) ~ 135.
            if (x >= 135305999368893231589) revert("EXP_OVERFLOW");

            // x is now in the range (-42, 136) * 1e18. Convert to (-42, 136) * 2**96
            // for more intermediate precision and a binary basis. This base conversion
            // is a multiplication by 1e18 / 2**96 = 5**18 / 2**78.
            x = (x << 78) / 5**18;

            // Reduce range of x to (-½ ln 2, ½ ln 2) * 2**96 by factoring out powers
            // of two such that exp(x) = exp(x') * 2**k, where k is an integer.
            // Solving this gives k = round(x / log(2)) and x' = x - k * log(2).
            int256 k = ((x << 96) / 54916777467707473351141471128 + 2**95) >> 96;
            x = x - k * 54916777467707473351141471128;

            // k is in the range [-61, 195].

            // Evaluate using a (6, 7)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we'll multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 y = x + 1346386616545796478920950773328;
            y = ((y * x) >> 96) + 57155421227552351082224309758442;
            int256 p = y + x - 94201549194550492254356042504812;
            p = ((p * y) >> 96) + 28719021644029726153956944680412240;
            p = p * x + (4385272521454847904659076985693276 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            int256 q = x - 2855989394907223263936484059900;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 50020603652535783019961831881945;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 533845033583426703283633433725380;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 3604857256930695427073651918091429;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 14423608567350463180887372962807573;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 26449188498355588339934803723976023;

            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial won't have zeros in the domain as all its roots are complex.
                // No scaling is necessary because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r should be in the range (0.09, 0.25) * 2**96.

            // We now need to multiply r by:
            // * the scale factor s = ~6.031367120.
            // * the 2**k factor from the range reduction.
            // * the 1e18 / 2**96 factor for base conversion.
            // We do this all at once, with an intermediate result in 2**213
            // basis, so the final right shift is always by a positive amount.
            r = int256((uint256(r) * 3822833074963236453042738258902158003155416615667) >> uint256(195 - k));
        }
    }

    function lnWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

            // We want to convert x from 10**18 fixed point to 2**96 fixed point.
            // We do this by multiplying by 2**96 / 10**18. But since
            // ln(x * C) = ln(x) + ln(C), we can simply do nothing here
            // and add ln(2**96 / 10**18) at the end.

            // Reduce range of x to (1, 2) * 2**96
            // ln(2^k * x) = k * ln(2) + ln(x)
            int256 k = int256(log2(uint256(x))) - 96;
            x <<= uint256(159 - k);
            x = int256(uint256(x) >> 159);

            // Evaluate using a (8, 8)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we will multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 p = x + 3273285459638523848632254066296;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 24828157081833163892658089445524;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 43456485725739037958740375743393;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 11111509109440967052023855526967;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 45023709667254063763336534515857;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 14706773417378608786704636184526;
            p = p * x - (795164235651350426258249787498 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            // q is monic by convention.
            int256 q = x + 5573035233440673466300451813936;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 71694874799317883764090561454958;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 283447036172924575727196451306956;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 401686690394027663651624208769553;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 204048457590392012362485061816622;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 31853899698501571402653359427138;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 909429971244387300277376558375;
            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial is known not to have zeros in the domain.
                // No scaling required because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r is in the range (0, 0.125) * 2**96

            // Finalization, we need to:
            // * multiply by the scale factor s = 5.549…
            // * add ln(2**96 / 10**18)
            // * add k * ln(2)
            // * multiply by 10**18 / 2**96 = 5**18 >> 78

            // mul s * 5e18 * 2**96, base is now 5**18 * 2**192
            r *= 1677202110996718588342820967067443963516166;
            // add ln(2) * k * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 16597577552685614221487285958193947469193820559219878177908093499208371 * k;
            // add ln(2**96 / 10**18) * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 600920179829731861736702779321621459595472258049074101567377883020018308;
            // base conversion: mul 2**18 / 2**192
            r >>= 174;
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    LOW LEVEL FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function mulDivDown(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // Divide z by the denominator.
            z := div(z, denominator)
        }
    }

    function mulDivUp(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // First, divide z - 1 by the denominator and add 1.
            // We allow z - 1 to underflow if z is 0, because we multiply the
            // end result by 0 if z is zero, ensuring we return 0 if z is zero.
            z := mul(iszero(iszero(z)), add(div(sub(z, 1), denominator), 1))
        }
    }

    function rpow(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 n,
        uint256 scalar
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            switch x
            case 0 {
                switch n
                case 0 {
                    // 0 ** 0 = 1
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // 0 ** n = 0
                    z := 0
                }
            }
            default {
                switch mod(n, 2)
                case 0 {
                    // If n is even, store scalar in z for now.
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // If n is odd, store x in z for now.
                    z := x
                }

                // Shifting right by 1 is like dividing by 2.
                let half := shr(1, scalar)

                for {
                    // Shift n right by 1 before looping to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } n {
                    // Shift n right by 1 each iteration to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } {
                    // Revert immediately if x ** 2 would overflow.
                    // Equivalent to iszero(eq(div(xx, x), x)) here.
                    if shr(128, x) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Store x squared.
                    let xx := mul(x, x)

                    // Round to the nearest number.
                    let xxRound := add(xx, half)

                    // Revert if xx + half overflowed.
                    if lt(xxRound, xx) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Set x to scaled xxRound.
                    x := div(xxRound, scalar)

                    // If n is even:
                    if mod(n, 2) {
                        // Compute z * x.
                        let zx := mul(z, x)

                        // If z * x overflowed:
                        if iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z)) {
                            // Revert if x is non-zero.
                            if iszero(iszero(x)) {
                                revert(0, 0)
                            }
                        }

                        // Round to the nearest number.
                        let zxRound := add(zx, half)

                        // Revert if zx + half overflowed.
                        if lt(zxRound, zx) {
                            revert(0, 0)
                        }

                        // Return properly scaled zxRound.
                        z := div(zxRound, scalar)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        GENERAL NUMBER UTILITIES
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function sqrt(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            let y := x // We start y at x, which will help us make our initial estimate.

            z := 181 // The "correct" value is 1, but this saves a multiplication later.

            // This segment is to get a reasonable initial estimate for the Babylonian method. With a bad
            // start, the correct # of bits increases ~linearly each iteration instead of ~quadratically.

            // We check y >= 2^(k + 8) but shift right by k bits
            // each branch to ensure that if x >= 256, then y >= 256.
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000000000000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(128, y)
                z := shl(64, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(64, y)
                z := shl(32, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000)) {
                y := shr(32, y)
                z := shl(16, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000)) {
                y := shr(16, y)
                z := shl(8, z)
            }

            // Goal was to get z*z*y within a small factor of x. More iterations could
            // get y in a tighter range. Currently, we will have y in [256, 256*2^16).
            // We ensured y >= 256 so that the relative difference between y and y+1 is small.
            // That's not possible if x < 256 but we can just verify those cases exhaustively.

            // Now, z*z*y <= x < z*z*(y+1), and y <= 2^(16+8), and either y >= 256, or x < 256.
            // Correctness can be checked exhaustively for x < 256, so we assume y >= 256.
            // Then z*sqrt(y) is within sqrt(257)/sqrt(256) of sqrt(x), or about 20bps.

            // For s in the range [1/256, 256], the estimate f(s) = (181/1024) * (s+1) is in the range
            // (1/2.84 * sqrt(s), 2.84 * sqrt(s)), with largest error when s = 1 and when s = 256 or 1/256.

            // Since y is in [256, 256*2^16), let a = y/65536, so that a is in [1/256, 256). Then we can estimate
            // sqrt(y) using sqrt(65536) * 181/1024 * (a + 1) = 181/4 * (y + 65536)/65536 = 181 * (y + 65536)/2^18.

            // There is no overflow risk here since y < 2^136 after the first branch above.
            z := shr(18, mul(z, add(y, 65536))) // A mul() is saved from starting z at 181.

            // Given the worst case multiplicative error of 2.84 above, 7 iterations should be enough.
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))

            // If x+1 is a perfect square, the Babylonian method cycles between
            // floor(sqrt(x)) and ceil(sqrt(x)). This statement ensures we return floor.
            // See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root#Using_only_integer_division
            // Since the ceil is rare, we save gas on the assignment and repeat division in the rare case.
            // If you don't care whether the floor or ceil square root is returned, you can remove this statement.
            z := sub(z, lt(div(x, z), z))
        }
    }

    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

        assembly {
            r := shl(7, lt(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff, x))
            r := or(r, shl(6, lt(0xffffffffffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(2, lt(0xf, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(1, lt(0x3, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, lt(0x1, shr(r, x)))
        }
    }
}

{
  "remappings": [
    "@openzeppelin/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/",
    "@rari-capital/=node_modules/@rari-capital/",
    "@rari-capital/solmate/=node_modules/@rari-capital/solmate/",
    "ds-test/=node_modules/ds-test/src/",
    "forge-std/=node_modules/forge-std/src/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 999999
  },
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "none"
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "london",
  "libraries": {}
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

[{"inputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"fallback"},{"inputs":[],"name":"getL1BlockNumber","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"version","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"receive"}]

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none