ETH Price: $2,432.95 (-0.65%)

Token

Worldcoin (WLD)

Overview

Max Total Supply

328,159,084.41995914344815473 WLD

Holders

5,172,720 ( 0.039%)

Market

Price

$1.98 @ 0.000815 ETH (+0.72%)

Onchain Market Cap

$650,552,895.00

Circulating Supply Market Cap

$1,014,489,708.27

Other Info

Token Contract (WITH 18 Decimals)

Balance
1.598176731615296118 WLD

Value
$3.17 ( ~0.00130294552057584 ETH) [0.0000%]
0x777dfb70eb952a081d0d11ff828715f79572cfe4
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OVERVIEW

The Worldcoin system revolves around World ID, a privacy-preserving global identity network. World ID enables users to verify their humanness online ("Proof of Personhood") while maintaining their privacy through zero-knowledge proofs.

Market

Volume (24H):$278,514,524.17
Market Capitalization:$1,014,489,708.27
Circulating Supply:511,740,116.00 WLD
Market Data Source: Coinmarketcap

Similar Match Source Code
This contract matches the deployed Bytecode of the Source Code for Contract 0xC1c167CC...f9DDB16f5
The constructor portion of the code might be different and could alter the actual behaviour of the contract

Contract Name:
OptimismMintableERC20

Compiler Version
v0.8.15+commit.e14f2714

Optimization Enabled:
Yes with 999999 runs

Other Settings:
default evmVersion, None license
File 1 of 91 : OptimismMintableERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import { ILegacyMintableERC20, IOptimismMintableERC20 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC20.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/// @title OptimismMintableERC20
/// @notice OptimismMintableERC20 is a standard extension of the base ERC20 token contract designed
///         to allow the StandardBridge contracts to mint and burn tokens. This makes it possible to
///         use an OptimismMintablERC20 as the L2 representation of an L1 token, or vice-versa.
///         Designed to be backwards compatible with the older StandardL2ERC20 token which was only
///         meant for use on L2.
contract OptimismMintableERC20 is IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20, ERC20, Semver {
    /// @notice Address of the corresponding version of this token on the remote chain.
    address public immutable REMOTE_TOKEN;

    /// @notice Address of the StandardBridge on this network.
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /// @notice Emitted whenever tokens are minted for an account.
    /// @param account Address of the account tokens are being minted for.
    /// @param amount  Amount of tokens minted.
    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /// @notice Emitted whenever tokens are burned from an account.
    /// @param account Address of the account tokens are being burned from.
    /// @param amount  Amount of tokens burned.
    event Burn(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    /// @notice A modifier that only allows the bridge to call
    modifier onlyBridge() {
        require(msg.sender == BRIDGE, "OptimismMintableERC20: only bridge can mint and burn");
        _;
    }

    /// @custom:semver 1.0.1
    /// @param _bridge      Address of the L2 standard bridge.
    /// @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding L1 token.
    /// @param _name        ERC20 name.
    /// @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
    constructor(
        address _bridge,
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC20(_name, _symbol) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        REMOTE_TOKEN = _remoteToken;
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
    }

    /// @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to mint tokens.
    /// @param _to     Address to mint tokens to.
    /// @param _amount Amount of tokens to mint.
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _mint(_to, _amount);
        emit Mint(_to, _amount);
    }

    /// @notice Allows the StandardBridge on this network to burn tokens.
    /// @param _from   Address to burn tokens from.
    /// @param _amount Amount of tokens to burn.
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount)
        external
        virtual
        override(IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20)
        onlyBridge
    {
        _burn(_from, _amount);
        emit Burn(_from, _amount);
    }

    /// @notice ERC165 interface check function.
    /// @param _interfaceId Interface ID to check.
    /// @return Whether or not the interface is supported by this contract.
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) external pure returns (bool) {
        bytes4 iface1 = type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        // Interface corresponding to the legacy L2StandardERC20.
        bytes4 iface2 = type(ILegacyMintableERC20).interfaceId;
        // Interface corresponding to the updated OptimismMintableERC20 (this contract).
        bytes4 iface3 = type(IOptimismMintableERC20).interfaceId;
        return _interfaceId == iface1 || _interfaceId == iface2 || _interfaceId == iface3;
    }

    /// @custom:legacy
    /// @notice Legacy getter for the remote token. Use REMOTE_TOKEN going forward.
    function l1Token() public view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /// @custom:legacy
    /// @notice Legacy getter for the bridge. Use BRIDGE going forward.
    function l2Bridge() public view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }

    /// @custom:legacy
    /// @notice Legacy getter for REMOTE_TOKEN.
    function remoteToken() public view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /// @custom:legacy
    /// @notice Legacy getter for BRIDGE.
    function bridge() public view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }
}

File 2 of 91 : L1CrossDomainMessenger.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { OptimismPortal } from "./OptimismPortal.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "../universal/CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L1CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice The L1CrossDomainMessenger is a message passing interface between L1 and L2 responsible
 *         for sending and receiving data on the L1 side. Users are encouraged to use this
 *         interface instead of interacting with lower-level contracts directly.
 */
contract L1CrossDomainMessenger is CrossDomainMessenger, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismPortal.
     */
    OptimismPortal public immutable PORTAL;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _portal Address of the OptimismPortal contract on this network.
     */
    constructor(OptimismPortal _portal)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER)
    {
        PORTAL = _portal;
        initialize(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _owner Address of the initial owner of this contract.
     */
    function initialize(address _owner) public initializer {
        __CrossDomainMessenger_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal override {
        PORTAL.depositTransaction{ value: _value }(_to, _value, _gasLimit, false, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == address(PORTAL) && PORTAL.l2Sender() == OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view override returns (bool) {
        return _target == address(this) || _target == address(PORTAL);
    }
}

File 3 of 91 : L1ERC721Bridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC721Bridge } from "../universal/ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { IERC721 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import { L2ERC721Bridge } from "../L2/L2ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title L1ERC721Bridge
 * @notice The L1 ERC721 bridge is a contract which works together with the L2 ERC721 bridge to
 *         make it possible to transfer ERC721 tokens from Ethereum to Optimism. This contract
 *         acts as an escrow for ERC721 tokens deposited into L2.
 */
contract L1ERC721Bridge is ERC721Bridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of L1 token to L2 token to ID to boolean, indicating if the given L1 token
     *         by ID was deposited for a given L2 token.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => bool))) public deposits;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        ERC721Bridge(_messenger, _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Completes an ERC721 bridge from the other domain and sends the ERC721 token to the
     *         recipient on this domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 token on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 token on the other domain.
     * @param _from        Address that triggered the bridge on the other domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on this domain.
     * @param _tokenId     ID of the token being deposited.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        require(_localToken != address(this), "L1ERC721Bridge: local token cannot be self");

        // Checks that the L1/L2 NFT pair has a token ID that is escrowed in the L1 Bridge.
        require(
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] == true,
            "L1ERC721Bridge: Token ID is not escrowed in the L1 Bridge"
        );

        // Mark that the token ID for this L1/L2 token pair is no longer escrowed in the L1
        // Bridge.
        deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] = false;

        // When a withdrawal is finalized on L1, the L1 Bridge transfers the NFT to the
        // withdrawer.
        IERC721(_localToken).safeTransferFrom(address(this), _to, _tokenId);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc ERC721Bridge
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal override {
        require(_remoteToken != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: remote token cannot be address(0)");

        // Construct calldata for _l2Token.finalizeBridgeERC721(_to, _tokenId)
        bytes memory message = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            L2ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721.selector,
            _remoteToken,
            _localToken,
            _from,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _extraData
        );

        // Lock token into bridge
        deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken][_tokenId] = true;
        IERC721(_localToken).transferFrom(_from, address(this), _tokenId);

        // Send calldata into L2
        MESSENGER.sendMessage(OTHER_BRIDGE, message, _minGasLimit);
        emit ERC721BridgeInitiated(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }
}

File 4 of 91 : L1StandardBridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { StandardBridge } from "../universal/StandardBridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L1StandardBridge
 * @notice The L1StandardBridge is responsible for transfering ETH and ERC20 tokens between L1 and
 *         L2. In the case that an ERC20 token is native to L1, it will be escrowed within this
 *         contract. If the ERC20 token is native to L2, it will be burnt. Before Bedrock, ETH was
 *         stored within this contract. After Bedrock, ETH is instead stored inside the
 *         OptimismPortal contract.
 *         NOTE: this contract is not intended to support all variations of ERC20 tokens. Examples
 *         of some token types that may not be properly supported by this contract include, but are
 *         not limited to: tokens with transfer fees, rebasing tokens, and tokens with blocklists.
 */
contract L1StandardBridge is StandardBridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a deposit of ETH from L1 into L2 is initiated.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event ETHDepositInitiated(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a withdrawal of ETH from L2 to L1 is finalized.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event ETHWithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 deposit is initiated.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event ERC20DepositInitiated(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 withdrawal is finalized.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event ERC20WithdrawalFinalized(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
     */
    constructor(address payable _messenger)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        StandardBridge(_messenger, payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE))
    {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal of ERC20 tokens from L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param _l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _from      Address of the withdrawer on L2.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param _amount    Amount of the ERC20 to withdraw.
     * @param _extraData Optional data forwarded from L2.
     */
    function finalizeERC20Withdrawal(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        emit ERC20WithdrawalFinalized(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        finalizeBridgeERC20(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ETH into the sender's account on L2.
     *
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositETH(uint32 _minGasLimit, bytes calldata _extraData) external payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateETHDeposit(msg.sender, msg.sender, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ETH into a target account on L2.
     *         Note that if ETH is sent to a contract on L2 and the call fails, then that ETH will
     *         be locked in the L2StandardBridge. ETH may be recoverable if the call can be
     *         successfully replayed by increasing the amount of gas supplied to the call. If the
     *         call will fail for any amount of gas, then the ETH will be locked permanently.
     *
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable {
        _initiateETHDeposit(msg.sender, _to, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ERC20 tokens into the sender's account on L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositERC20(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateERC20Deposit(
            _l1Token,
            _l2Token,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Deposits some amount of ERC20 tokens into a target account on L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L2 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function depositERC20To(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external virtual {
        _initiateERC20Deposit(
            _l1Token,
            _l2Token,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal of ETH from L2.
     *
     * @param _from      Address of the withdrawer on L2.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param _amount    Amount of ETH to withdraw.
     * @param _extraData Optional data forwarded from L2.
     */
    function finalizeETHWithdrawal(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable onlyOtherBridge {
        emit ETHWithdrawalFinalized(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        finalizeBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the access of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     *
     * @return Address of the corresponding L2 bridge contract.
     */
    function l2TokenBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return address(OTHER_BRIDGE);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating an ETH deposit.
     *
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on L1.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2.
     */
    function _initiateETHDeposit(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        emit ETHDepositInitiated(_from, _to, msg.value, _extraData);
        _initiateBridgeETH(_from, _to, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating an ERC20 deposit.
     *
     * @param _l1Token     Address of the L1 token being deposited.
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on L1.
     * @param _to          Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the deposit message on L2.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L2.
     */
    function _initiateERC20Deposit(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        emit ERC20DepositInitiated(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        _initiateBridgeERC20(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }
}

File 5 of 91 : L2OutputOracle.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title L2OutputOracle
 * @notice The L2OutputOracle contains an array of L2 state outputs, where each output is a
 *         commitment to the state of the L2 chain. Other contracts like the OptimismPortal use
 *         these outputs to verify information about the state of L2.
 */
contract L2OutputOracle is Initializable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The interval in L2 blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted. Although this is
     *         immutable, it can safely be modified by upgrading the implementation contract.
     */
    uint256 public immutable SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;

    /**
     * @notice The time between L2 blocks in seconds. Once set, this value MUST NOT be modified.
     */
    uint256 public immutable L2_BLOCK_TIME;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the challenger. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable CHALLENGER;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the proposer. Can be updated via upgrade.
     */
    address public immutable PROPOSER;

    /**
     * @notice The number of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingBlockNumber;

    /**
     * @notice The timestamp of the first L2 block recorded in this contract.
     */
    uint256 public startingTimestamp;

    /**
     * @notice Array of L2 output proposals.
     */
    Types.OutputProposal[] internal l2Outputs;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an output is proposed.
     *
     * @param outputRoot    The output root.
     * @param l2OutputIndex The index of the output in the l2Outputs array.
     * @param l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the output root.
     * @param l1Timestamp   The L1 timestamp when proposed.
     */
    event OutputProposed(
        bytes32 indexed outputRoot,
        uint256 indexed l2OutputIndex,
        uint256 indexed l2BlockNumber,
        uint256 l1Timestamp
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when outputs are deleted.
     *
     * @param prevNextOutputIndex Next L2 output index before the deletion.
     * @param newNextOutputIndex  Next L2 output index after the deletion.
     */
    event OutputsDeleted(uint256 indexed prevNextOutputIndex, uint256 indexed newNextOutputIndex);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _submissionInterval  Interval in blocks at which checkpoints must be submitted.
     * @param _l2BlockTime         The time per L2 block, in seconds.
     * @param _startingBlockNumber The number of the first L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp   The timestamp of the first L2 block.
     * @param _proposer            The address of the proposer.
     * @param _challenger          The address of the challenger.
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 _submissionInterval,
        uint256 _l2BlockTime,
        uint256 _startingBlockNumber,
        uint256 _startingTimestamp,
        address _proposer,
        address _challenger
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        SUBMISSION_INTERVAL = _submissionInterval;
        L2_BLOCK_TIME = _l2BlockTime;
        PROPOSER = _proposer;
        CHALLENGER = _challenger;

        initialize(_startingBlockNumber, _startingTimestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _startingBlockNumber Block number for the first recoded L2 block.
     * @param _startingTimestamp   Timestamp for the first recoded L2 block.
     */
    function initialize(uint256 _startingBlockNumber, uint256 _startingTimestamp)
        public
        initializer
    {
        require(
            _startingTimestamp <= block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: starting L2 timestamp must be less than current time"
        );

        startingTimestamp = _startingTimestamp;
        startingBlockNumber = _startingBlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Deletes all output proposals after and including the proposal that corresponds to
     *         the given output index. Only the challenger address can delete outputs.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the first L2 output to be deleted. All outputs after this
     *                       output will also be deleted.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    function deleteL2Outputs(uint256 _l2OutputIndex) external {
        require(
            msg.sender == CHALLENGER,
            "L2OutputOracle: only the challenger address can delete outputs"
        );

        // Make sure we're not *increasing* the length of the array.
        require(
            _l2OutputIndex < l2Outputs.length,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot delete outputs after the latest output index"
        );

        uint256 prevNextL2OutputIndex = nextOutputIndex();

        // Use assembly to delete the array elements because Solidity doesn't allow it.
        assembly {
            sstore(l2Outputs.slot, _l2OutputIndex)
        }

        emit OutputsDeleted(prevNextL2OutputIndex, _l2OutputIndex);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts an outputRoot and the timestamp of the corresponding L2 block. The timestamp
     *         must be equal to the current value returned by `nextTimestamp()` in order to be
     *         accepted. This function may only be called by the Proposer.
     *
     * @param _outputRoot    The L2 output of the checkpoint block.
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number that resulted in _outputRoot.
     * @param _l1BlockHash   A block hash which must be included in the current chain.
     * @param _l1BlockNumber The block number with the specified block hash.
     */
    function proposeL2Output(
        bytes32 _outputRoot,
        uint256 _l2BlockNumber,
        bytes32 _l1BlockHash,
        uint256 _l1BlockNumber
    ) external payable {
        require(
            msg.sender == PROPOSER,
            "L2OutputOracle: only the proposer address can propose new outputs"
        );

        require(
            _l2BlockNumber == nextBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: block number must be equal to next expected block number"
        );

        require(
            computeL2Timestamp(_l2BlockNumber) < block.timestamp,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot propose L2 output in the future"
        );

        require(
            _outputRoot != bytes32(0),
            "L2OutputOracle: L2 output proposal cannot be the zero hash"
        );

        if (_l1BlockHash != bytes32(0)) {
            // This check allows the proposer to propose an output based on a given L1 block,
            // without fear that it will be reorged out.
            // It will also revert if the blockheight provided is more than 256 blocks behind the
            // chain tip (as the hash will return as zero). This does open the door to a griefing
            // attack in which the proposer's submission is censored until the block is no longer
            // retrievable, if the proposer is experiencing this attack it can simply leave out the
            // blockhash value, and delay submission until it is confident that the L1 block is
            // finalized.
            require(
                blockhash(_l1BlockNumber) == _l1BlockHash,
                "L2OutputOracle: block hash does not match the hash at the expected height"
            );
        }

        emit OutputProposed(_outputRoot, nextOutputIndex(), _l2BlockNumber, block.timestamp);

        l2Outputs.push(
            Types.OutputProposal({
                outputRoot: _outputRoot,
                timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
                l2BlockNumber: uint128(_l2BlockNumber)
            })
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an output by index. Exists because Solidity's array access will return a
     *         tuple instead of a struct.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the output to return.
     *
     * @return The output at the given index.
     */
    function getL2Output(uint256 _l2OutputIndex)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.OutputProposal memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[_l2OutputIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the L2 output that checkpoints a given L2 block number. Uses a
     *         binary search to find the first output greater than or equal to the given block.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return Index of the first checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputIndexAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        // Make sure an output for this block number has actually been proposed.
        require(
            _l2BlockNumber <= latestBlockNumber(),
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output for a block that has not been proposed"
        );

        // Make sure there's at least one output proposed.
        require(
            l2Outputs.length > 0,
            "L2OutputOracle: cannot get output as no outputs have been proposed yet"
        );

        // Find the output via binary search, guaranteed to exist.
        uint256 lo = 0;
        uint256 hi = l2Outputs.length;
        while (lo < hi) {
            uint256 mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
            if (l2Outputs[mid].l2BlockNumber < _l2BlockNumber) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else {
                hi = mid;
            }
        }

        return lo;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 output proposal that checkpoints a given L2 block number. Uses a
     *         binary search to find the first output greater than or equal to the given block.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber L2 block number to find a checkpoint for.
     *
     * @return First checkpoint that commits to the given L2 block number.
     */
    function getL2OutputAfter(uint256 _l2BlockNumber)
        external
        view
        returns (Types.OutputProposal memory)
    {
        return l2Outputs[getL2OutputIndexAfter(_l2BlockNumber)];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of outputs that have been proposed. Will revert if no outputs
     *         have been proposed yet.
     *
     * @return The number of outputs that have been proposed.
     */
    function latestOutputIndex() external view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length - 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the next output to be proposed.
     *
     * @return The index of the next output to be proposed.
     */
    function nextOutputIndex() public view returns (uint256) {
        return l2Outputs.length;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the block number of the latest submitted L2 output proposal. If no proposals
     *         been submitted yet then this function will return the starting block number.
     *
     * @return Latest submitted L2 block number.
     */
    function latestBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return
            l2Outputs.length == 0
                ? startingBlockNumber
                : l2Outputs[l2Outputs.length - 1].l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the block number of the next L2 block that needs to be checkpointed.
     *
     * @return Next L2 block number.
     */
    function nextBlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return latestBlockNumber() + SUBMISSION_INTERVAL;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L2 timestamp corresponding to a given L2 block number.
     *
     * @param _l2BlockNumber The L2 block number of the target block.
     *
     * @return L2 timestamp of the given block.
     */
    function computeL2Timestamp(uint256 _l2BlockNumber) public view returns (uint256) {
        return startingTimestamp + ((_l2BlockNumber - startingBlockNumber) * L2_BLOCK_TIME);
    }
}

File 6 of 91 : OptimismPortal.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "./L2OutputOracle.sol";
import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";
import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { SecureMerkleTrie } from "../libraries/trie/SecureMerkleTrie.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
import { ResourceMetering } from "./ResourceMetering.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @title OptimismPortal
 * @notice The OptimismPortal is a low-level contract responsible for passing messages between L1
 *         and L2. Messages sent directly to the OptimismPortal have no form of replayability.
 *         Users are encouraged to use the L1CrossDomainMessenger for a higher-level interface.
 */
contract OptimismPortal is Initializable, ResourceMetering, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Represents a proven withdrawal.
     *
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Root of the L2 output this was proven against.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp at whcih the withdrawal was proven.
     * @custom:field l2OutputIndex Index of the output this was proven against.
     */
    struct ProvenWithdrawal {
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2OutputIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version of the deposit event.
     */
    uint256 internal constant DEPOSIT_VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is deposited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint64 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 100_000;

    /**
     * @notice Additional gas reserved for clean up after finalizing a transaction withdrawal.
     */
    uint256 internal constant FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER = 20_000;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum time (in seconds) that must elapse before a withdrawal can be finalized.
     */
    uint256 public immutable FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2OutputOracle.
     */
    L2OutputOracle public immutable L2_ORACLE;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2 account which initiated a withdrawal in this transaction. If the
     *         of this variable is the default L2 sender address, then we are NOT inside of a call
     *         to finalizeWithdrawalTransaction.
     */
    address public l2Sender;

    /**
     * @notice A list of withdrawal hashes which have been successfully finalized.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public finalizedWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of withdrawal hashes to `ProvenWithdrawal` data.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => ProvenWithdrawal) public provenWithdrawals;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a transaction is deposited from L1 to L2. The parameters of this event
     *         are read by the rollup node and used to derive deposit transactions on L2.
     *
     * @param from       Address that triggered the deposit transaction.
     * @param to         Address that the deposit transaction is directed to.
     * @param version    Version of this deposit transaction event.
     * @param opaqueData ABI encoded deposit data to be parsed off-chain.
     */
    event TransactionDeposited(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 indexed version,
        bytes opaqueData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is proven.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     */
    event WithdrawalProven(
        bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash,
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a withdrawal transaction is finalized.
     *
     * @param withdrawalHash Hash of the withdrawal transaction.
     * @param success        Whether the withdrawal transaction was successful.
     */
    event WithdrawalFinalized(bytes32 indexed withdrawalHash, bool success);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _l2Oracle                  Address of the L2OutputOracle contract.
     * @param _finalizationPeriodSeconds Output finalization time in seconds.
     */
    constructor(L2OutputOracle _l2Oracle, uint256 _finalizationPeriodSeconds) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        L2_ORACLE = _l2Oracle;
        FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS = _finalizationPeriodSeconds;
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize() public initializer {
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
        __ResourceMetering_init();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts value so that users can send ETH directly to this contract and have the
     *         funds be deposited to their address on L2. This is intended as a convenience
     *         function for EOAs. Contracts should call the depositTransaction() function directly
     *         otherwise any deposited funds will be lost due to address aliasing.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    receive() external payable {
        depositTransaction(msg.sender, msg.value, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, false, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts ETH value without triggering a deposit to L2. This function mainly exists
     *         for the sake of the migration between the legacy Optimism system and Bedrock.
     */
    function donateETH() external payable {
        // Intentionally empty.
    }

    /**
     * @notice Proves a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx              Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     * @param _l2OutputIndex   L2 output index to prove against.
     * @param _outputRootProof Inclusion proof of the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract's storage root.
     * @param _withdrawalProof Inclusion proof of the withdrawal in L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
     */
    function proveWithdrawalTransaction(
        Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx,
        uint256 _l2OutputIndex,
        Types.OutputRootProof calldata _outputRootProof,
        bytes[] calldata _withdrawalProof
    ) external {
        // Prevent users from creating a deposit transaction where this address is the message
        // sender on L2. Because this is checked here, we do not need to check again in
        // `finalizeWithdrawalTransaction`.
        require(
            _tx.target != address(this),
            "OptimismPortal: you cannot send messages to the portal contract"
        );

        // Get the output root and load onto the stack to prevent multiple mloads. This will
        // revert if there is no output root for the given block number.
        bytes32 outputRoot = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).outputRoot;

        // Verify that the output root can be generated with the elements in the proof.
        require(
            outputRoot == Hashing.hashOutputRootProof(_outputRootProof),
            "OptimismPortal: invalid output root proof"
        );

        // Load the ProvenWithdrawal into memory, using the withdrawal hash as a unique identifier.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // We generally want to prevent users from proving the same withdrawal multiple times
        // because each successive proof will update the timestamp. A malicious user can take
        // advantage of this to prevent other users from finalizing their withdrawal. However,
        // since withdrawals are proven before an output root is finalized, we need to allow users
        // to re-prove their withdrawal only in the case that the output root for their specified
        // output index has been updated.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp == 0 ||
                (_l2OutputIndex == provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex &&
                    outputRoot != provenWithdrawal.outputRoot),
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal hash has already been proven"
        );

        // Compute the storage slot of the withdrawal hash in the L2ToL1MessagePasser contract.
        // Refer to the Solidity documentation for more information on how storage layouts are
        // computed for mappings.
        bytes32 storageKey = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                withdrawalHash,
                uint256(0) // The withdrawals mapping is at the first slot in the layout.
            )
        );

        // Verify that the hash of this withdrawal was stored in the L2toL1MessagePasser contract
        // on L2. If this is true, under the assumption that the SecureMerkleTrie does not have
        // bugs, then we know that this withdrawal was actually triggered on L2 and can therefore
        // be relayed on L1.
        require(
            SecureMerkleTrie.verifyInclusionProof(
                abi.encode(storageKey),
                hex"01",
                _withdrawalProof,
                _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot
            ),
            "OptimismPortal: invalid withdrawal inclusion proof"
        );

        // Designate the withdrawalHash as proven by storing the `outputRoot`, `timestamp`, and
        // `l2BlockNumber` in the `provenWithdrawals` mapping. A `withdrawalHash` can only be
        // proven once unless it is submitted again with a different outputRoot.
        provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = ProvenWithdrawal({
            outputRoot: outputRoot,
            timestamp: uint128(block.timestamp),
            l2OutputIndex: uint128(_l2OutputIndex)
        });

        // Emit a `WithdrawalProven` event.
        emit WithdrawalProven(withdrawalHash, _tx.sender, _tx.target);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to finalize.
     */
    function finalizeWithdrawalTransaction(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx) external {
        // Make sure that the l2Sender has not yet been set. The l2Sender is set to a value other
        // than the default value when a withdrawal transaction is being finalized. This check is
        // a defacto reentrancy guard.
        require(
            l2Sender == Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "OptimismPortal: can only trigger one withdrawal per transaction"
        );

        // Grab the proven withdrawal from the `provenWithdrawals` map.
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(_tx);
        ProvenWithdrawal memory provenWithdrawal = provenWithdrawals[withdrawalHash];

        // A withdrawal can only be finalized if it has been proven. We know that a withdrawal has
        // been proven at least once when its timestamp is non-zero. Unproven withdrawals will have
        // a timestamp of zero.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp != 0,
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal has not been proven yet"
        );

        // As a sanity check, we make sure that the proven withdrawal's timestamp is greater than
        // starting timestamp inside the L2OutputOracle. Not strictly necessary but extra layer of
        // safety against weird bugs in the proving step.
        require(
            provenWithdrawal.timestamp >= L2_ORACLE.startingTimestamp(),
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal timestamp less than L2 Oracle starting timestamp"
        );

        // A proven withdrawal must wait at least the finalization period before it can be
        // finalized. This waiting period can elapse in parallel with the waiting period for the
        // output the withdrawal was proven against. In effect, this means that the minimum
        // withdrawal time is proposal submission time + finalization period.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(provenWithdrawal.timestamp),
            "OptimismPortal: proven withdrawal finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Grab the OutputProposal from the L2OutputOracle, will revert if the output that
        // corresponds to the given index has not been proposed yet.
        Types.OutputProposal memory proposal = L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(
            provenWithdrawal.l2OutputIndex
        );

        // Check that the output root that was used to prove the withdrawal is the same as the
        // current output root for the given output index. An output root may change if it is
        // deleted by the challenger address and then re-proposed.
        require(
            proposal.outputRoot == provenWithdrawal.outputRoot,
            "OptimismPortal: output root proven is not the same as current output root"
        );

        // Check that the output proposal has also been finalized.
        require(
            _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(proposal.timestamp),
            "OptimismPortal: output proposal finalization period has not elapsed"
        );

        // Check that this withdrawal has not already been finalized, this is replay protection.
        require(
            finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] == false,
            "OptimismPortal: withdrawal has already been finalized"
        );

        // Mark the withdrawal as finalized so it can't be replayed.
        finalizedWithdrawals[withdrawalHash] = true;

        // We want to maintain the property that the amount of gas supplied to the call to the
        // target contract is at least the gas limit specified by the user. We can do this by
        // enforcing that, at this point in time, we still have gaslimit + buffer gas available.
        require(
            gasleft() >= _tx.gasLimit + FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER,
            "OptimismPortal: insufficient gas to finalize withdrawal"
        );

        // Set the l2Sender so contracts know who triggered this withdrawal on L2.
        l2Sender = _tx.sender;

        // Trigger the call to the target contract. We use SafeCall because we don't
        // care about the returndata and we don't want target contracts to be able to force this
        // call to run out of gas via a returndata bomb.
        bool success = SafeCall.call(
            _tx.target,
            gasleft() - FINALIZE_GAS_BUFFER,
            _tx.value,
            _tx.data
        );

        // Reset the l2Sender back to the default value.
        l2Sender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        // All withdrawals are immediately finalized. Replayability can
        // be achieved through contracts built on top of this contract
        emit WithdrawalFinalized(withdrawalHash, success);

        // Reverting here is useful for determining the exact gas cost to successfully execute the
        // sub call to the target contract if the minimum gas limit specified by the user would not
        // be sufficient to execute the sub call.
        if (success == false && tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
            revert("OptimismPortal: withdrawal failed");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Accepts deposits of ETH and data, and emits a TransactionDeposited event for use in
     *         deriving deposit transactions. Note that if a deposit is made by a contract, its
     *         address will be aliased when retrieved using `tx.origin` or `msg.sender`. Consider
     *         using the CrossDomainMessenger contracts for a simpler developer experience.
     *
     * @param _to         Target address on L2.
     * @param _value      ETH value to send to the recipient.
     * @param _gasLimit   Minimum L2 gas limit (can be greater than or equal to this value).
     * @param _isCreation Whether or not the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @param _data       Data to trigger the recipient with.
     */
    function depositTransaction(
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        bool _isCreation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable metered(_gasLimit) {
        // Just to be safe, make sure that people specify address(0) as the target when doing
        // contract creations.
        if (_isCreation) {
            require(
                _to == address(0),
                "OptimismPortal: must send to address(0) when creating a contract"
            );
        }

        // Transform the from-address to its alias if the caller is a contract.
        address from = msg.sender;
        if (msg.sender != tx.origin) {
            from = AddressAliasHelper.applyL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender);
        }

        // Compute the opaque data that will be emitted as part of the TransactionDeposited event.
        // We use opaque data so that we can update the TransactionDeposited event in the future
        // without breaking the current interface.
        bytes memory opaqueData = abi.encodePacked(
            msg.value,
            _value,
            _gasLimit,
            _isCreation,
            _data
        );

        // Emit a TransactionDeposited event so that the rollup node can derive a deposit
        // transaction for this deposit.
        emit TransactionDeposited(from, _to, DEPOSIT_VERSION, opaqueData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determine if a given output is finalized. Reverts if the call to
     *         L2_ORACLE.getL2Output reverts. Returns a boolean otherwise.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputIndex Index of the L2 output to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the output is finalized.
     */
    function isOutputFinalized(uint256 _l2OutputIndex) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(L2_ORACLE.getL2Output(_l2OutputIndex).timestamp);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines whether the finalization period has elapsed w/r/t a given timestamp.
     *
     * @param _timestamp Timestamp to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the finalization period has elapsed.
     */
    function _isFinalizationPeriodElapsed(uint256 _timestamp) internal view returns (bool) {
        return block.timestamp > _timestamp + FINALIZATION_PERIOD_SECONDS;
    }
}

File 7 of 91 : ResourceMetering.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Initializable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import { Burn } from "../libraries/Burn.sol";
import { Arithmetic } from "../libraries/Arithmetic.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title ResourceMetering
 * @notice ResourceMetering implements an EIP-1559 style resource metering system where pricing
 *         updates automatically based on current demand.
 */
abstract contract ResourceMetering is Initializable {
    /**
     * @notice Represents the various parameters that control the way in which resources are
     *         metered. Corresponds to the EIP-1559 resource metering system.
     *
     * @custom:field prevBaseFee   Base fee from the previous block(s).
     * @custom:field prevBoughtGas Amount of gas bought so far in the current block.
     * @custom:field prevBlockNum  Last block number that the base fee was updated.
     */
    struct ResourceParams {
        uint128 prevBaseFee;
        uint64 prevBoughtGas;
        uint64 prevBlockNum;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Maximum amount of the resource that can be used within this block.
     */
    int256 public constant MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT = 8_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice Along with the resource limit, determines the target resource limit.
     */
    int256 public constant ELASTICITY_MULTIPLIER = 4;

    /**
     * @notice Target amount of the resource that should be used within this block.
     */
    int256 public constant TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT = MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT / ELASTICITY_MULTIPLIER;

    /**
     * @notice Denominator that determines max change on fee per block.
     */
    int256 public constant BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR = 8;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum base fee value, cannot go lower than this.
     */
    int256 public constant MINIMUM_BASE_FEE = 10_000;

    /**
     * @notice Maximum base fee value, cannot go higher than this.
     */
    int256 public constant MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE = int256(uint256(type(uint128).max));

    /**
     * @notice Initial base fee value.
     */
    uint128 public constant INITIAL_BASE_FEE = 1_000_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice EIP-1559 style gas parameters.
     */
    ResourceParams public params;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     */
    uint256[48] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Meters access to a function based an amount of a requested resource.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of the resource requested.
     */
    modifier metered(uint64 _amount) {
        // Record initial gas amount so we can refund for it later.
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();

        // Run the underlying function.
        _;

        // Update block number and base fee if necessary.
        uint256 blockDiff = block.number - params.prevBlockNum;
        if (blockDiff > 0) {
            // Handle updating EIP-1559 style gas parameters. We use EIP-1559 to restrict the rate
            // at which deposits can be created and therefore limit the potential for deposits to
            // spam the L2 system. Fee scheme is very similar to EIP-1559 with minor changes.
            int256 gasUsedDelta = int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) - TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT;
            int256 baseFeeDelta = (int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) * gasUsedDelta) /
                TARGET_RESOURCE_LIMIT /
                BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR;

            // Update base fee by adding the base fee delta and clamp the resulting value between
            // min and max.
            int256 newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp(
                int256(uint256(params.prevBaseFee)) + baseFeeDelta,
                MINIMUM_BASE_FEE,
                MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE
            );

            // If we skipped more than one block, we also need to account for every empty block.
            // Empty block means there was no demand for deposits in that block, so we should
            // reflect this lack of demand in the fee.
            if (blockDiff > 1) {
                // Update the base fee by repeatedly applying the exponent 1-(1/change_denominator)
                // blockDiff - 1 times. Simulates multiple empty blocks. Clamp the resulting value
                // between min and max.
                newBaseFee = Arithmetic.clamp(
                    Arithmetic.cdexp(
                        newBaseFee,
                        BASE_FEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR,
                        int256(blockDiff - 1)
                    ),
                    MINIMUM_BASE_FEE,
                    MAXIMUM_BASE_FEE
                );
            }

            // Update new base fee, reset bought gas, and update block number.
            params.prevBaseFee = uint128(uint256(newBaseFee));
            params.prevBoughtGas = 0;
            params.prevBlockNum = uint64(block.number);
        }

        // Make sure we can actually buy the resource amount requested by the user.
        params.prevBoughtGas += _amount;
        require(
            int256(uint256(params.prevBoughtGas)) <= MAX_RESOURCE_LIMIT,
            "ResourceMetering: cannot buy more gas than available gas limit"
        );

        // Determine the amount of ETH to be paid.
        uint256 resourceCost = _amount * params.prevBaseFee;

        // We currently charge for this ETH amount as an L1 gas burn, so we convert the ETH amount
        // into gas by dividing by the L1 base fee. We assume a minimum base fee of 1 gwei to avoid
        // division by zero for L1s that don't support 1559 or to avoid excessive gas burns during
        // periods of extremely low L1 demand. One-day average gas fee hasn't dipped below 1 gwei
        // during any 1 day period in the last 5 years, so should be fine.
        uint256 gasCost = resourceCost / Math.max(block.basefee, 1000000000);

        // Give the user a refund based on the amount of gas they used to do all of the work up to
        // this point. Since we're at the end of the modifier, this should be pretty accurate. Acts
        // effectively like a dynamic stipend (with a minimum value).
        uint256 usedGas = initialGas - gasleft();
        if (gasCost > usedGas) {
            Burn.gas(gasCost - usedGas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets initial resource parameter values. This function must either be called by the
     *         initializer function of an upgradeable child contract.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __ResourceMetering_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        params = ResourceParams({
            prevBaseFee: INITIAL_BASE_FEE,
            prevBoughtGas: 0,
            prevBlockNum: uint64(block.number)
        });
    }
}

File 8 of 91 : SystemConfig.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title SystemConfig
 * @notice The SystemConfig contract is used to manage configuration of an Optimism network. All
 *         configuration is stored on L1 and picked up by L2 as part of the derviation of the L2
 *         chain.
 */
contract SystemConfig is OwnableUpgradeable, Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Enum representing different types of updates.
     *
     * @custom:value BATCHER              Represents an update to the batcher hash.
     * @custom:value GAS_CONFIG           Represents an update to txn fee config on L2.
     * @custom:value GAS_LIMIT            Represents an update to gas limit on L2.
     * @custom:value UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER  Represents an update to the signer key for unsafe
     *                                    block distrubution.
     */
    enum UpdateType {
        BATCHER,
        GAS_CONFIG,
        GAS_LIMIT,
        UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER
    }

    /**
     * @notice Version identifier, used for upgrades.
     */
    uint256 public constant VERSION = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Storage slot that the unsafe block signer is stored at. Storing it at this
     *         deterministic storage slot allows for decoupling the storage layout from the way
     *         that `solc` lays out storage. The `op-node` uses a storage proof to fetch this value.
     */
    bytes32 public constant UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT = keccak256("systemconfig.unsafeblocksigner");

    /**
     * @notice Minimum gas limit. This should not be lower than the maximum deposit gas resource
     *         limit in the ResourceMetering contract used by OptimismPortal, to ensure the L2
     *         block always has sufficient gas to process deposits.
     */
    uint64 public constant MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT = 8_000_000;

    /**
     * @notice Fixed L2 gas overhead.
     */
    uint256 public overhead;

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic L2 gas overhead.
     */
    uint256 public scalar;

    /**
     * @notice Identifier for the batcher. For version 1 of this configuration, this is represented
     *         as an address left-padded with zeros to 32 bytes.
     */
    bytes32 public batcherHash;

    /**
     * @notice L2 gas limit.
     */
    uint64 public gasLimit;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when configuration is updated
     *
     * @param version    SystemConfig version.
     * @param updateType Type of update.
     * @param data       Encoded update data.
     */
    event ConfigUpdate(uint256 indexed version, UpdateType indexed updateType, bytes data);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _owner       Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead    Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar      Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit    Initial gas limit.
     */
    constructor(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner
    ) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        initialize(_owner, _overhead, _scalar, _batcherHash, _gasLimit, _unsafeBlockSigner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     *
     * @param _owner       Initial owner of the contract.
     * @param _overhead    Initial overhead value.
     * @param _scalar      Initial scalar value.
     * @param _batcherHash Initial batcher hash.
     * @param _gasLimit    Initial gas limit.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _overhead,
        uint256 _scalar,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        address _unsafeBlockSigner
    ) public initializer {
        require(_gasLimit >= MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT, "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        __Ownable_init();
        transferOwnership(_owner);
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice High level getter for the unsafe block signer address.
     *         Unsafe blocks can be propagated across the p2p network
     *         if they are signed by the key corresponding to this address.
     */
    function unsafeBlockSigner() public view returns (address) {
        address addr;
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            addr := sload(slot)
        }
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the batcher hash.
     *
     * @param _batcherHash New batcher hash.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line ordering
    function setBatcherHash(bytes32 _batcherHash) external onlyOwner {
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_batcherHash);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.BATCHER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates gas config.
     *
     * @param _overhead New overhead value.
     * @param _scalar   New scalar value.
     */
    function setGasConfig(uint256 _overhead, uint256 _scalar) external onlyOwner {
        overhead = _overhead;
        scalar = _scalar;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_overhead, _scalar);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_CONFIG, data);
    }

    function setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) external onlyOwner {
        _setUnsafeBlockSigner(_unsafeBlockSigner);

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_unsafeBlockSigner);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER, data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Low level setter for the unsafe block signer address.
     *         This function exists to deduplicate code around storing
     *         the unsafeBlockSigner address in storage.
     *
     * @param _unsafeBlockSigner New unsafeBlockSigner value
     */
    function _setUnsafeBlockSigner(address _unsafeBlockSigner) internal {
        bytes32 slot = UNSAFE_BLOCK_SIGNER_SLOT;
        assembly {
            sstore(slot, _unsafeBlockSigner)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the L2 gas limit.
     *
     * @param _gasLimit New gas limit.
     */
    function setGasLimit(uint64 _gasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        require(_gasLimit >= MINIMUM_GAS_LIMIT, "SystemConfig: gas limit too low");
        gasLimit = _gasLimit;

        bytes memory data = abi.encode(_gasLimit);
        emit ConfigUpdate(VERSION, UpdateType.GAS_LIMIT, data);
    }
}

File 9 of 91 : BaseFeeVault.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019
 * @title BaseFeeVault
 * @notice The BaseFeeVault accumulates the base fee that is paid by transactions.
 */
contract BaseFeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}
}

File 10 of 91 : CrossDomainOwnable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";

/**
 * @title CrossDomainOwnable
 * @notice This contract extends the OpenZeppelin `Ownable` contract for L2 contracts to be owned
 *         by contracts on L1. Note that this contract is only safe to be used if the
 *         CrossDomainMessenger system is bypassed and the caller on L1 is calling the
 *         OptimismPortal directly.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainOwnable is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Overrides the implementation of the `onlyOwner` modifier to check that the unaliased
     *         `msg.sender` is the owner of the contract.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view override {
        require(
            owner() == AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender),
            "CrossDomainOwnable: caller is not the owner"
        );
    }
}

File 11 of 91 : CrossDomainOwnable2.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { L2CrossDomainMessenger } from "./L2CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @title CrossDomainOwnable2
 * @notice This contract extends the OpenZeppelin `Ownable` contract for L2 contracts to be owned
 *         by contracts on L1. Note that this contract is meant to be used with systems that use
 *         the CrossDomainMessenger system. It will not work if the OptimismPortal is used
 *         directly.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainOwnable2 is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Overrides the implementation of the `onlyOwner` modifier to check that the unaliased
     *         `xDomainMessageSender` is the owner of the contract. This value is set to the caller
     *         of the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view override {
        L2CrossDomainMessenger messenger = L2CrossDomainMessenger(
            Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER
        );

        require(
            msg.sender == address(messenger),
            "CrossDomainOwnable2: caller is not the messenger"
        );

        require(
            owner() == messenger.xDomainMessageSender(),
            "CrossDomainOwnable2: caller is not the owner"
        );
    }
}

File 12 of 91 : GasPriceOracle.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { L1Block } from "../L2/L1Block.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F
 * @title GasPriceOracle
 * @notice This contract maintains the variables responsible for computing the L1 portion of the
 *         total fee charged on L2. Before Bedrock, this contract held variables in state that were
 *         read during the state transition function to compute the L1 portion of the transaction
 *         fee. After Bedrock, this contract now simply proxies the L1Block contract, which has
 *         the values used to compute the L1 portion of the fee in its state.
 *
 *         The contract exposes an API that is useful for knowing how large the L1 portion of the
 *         transaction fee will be. The following events were deprecated with Bedrock:
 *         - event OverheadUpdated(uint256 overhead);
 *         - event ScalarUpdated(uint256 scalar);
 *         - event DecimalsUpdated(uint256 decimals);
 */
contract GasPriceOracle is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Number of decimals used in the scalar.
     */
    uint256 public constant DECIMALS = 6;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Computes the L1 portion of the fee based on the size of the rlp encoded input
     *         transaction, the current L1 base fee, and the various dynamic parameters.
     *
     * @param _data Unsigned fully RLP-encoded transaction to get the L1 fee for.
     *
     * @return L1 fee that should be paid for the tx
     */
    function getL1Fee(bytes memory _data) external view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 l1GasUsed = getL1GasUsed(_data);
        uint256 l1Fee = l1GasUsed * l1BaseFee();
        uint256 divisor = 10**DECIMALS;
        uint256 unscaled = l1Fee * scalar();
        uint256 scaled = unscaled / divisor;
        return scaled;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current gas price (base fee).
     *
     * @return Current L2 gas price (base fee).
     */
    function gasPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
        return block.basefee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current base fee.
     *
     * @return Current L2 base fee.
     */
    function baseFee() public view returns (uint256) {
        return block.basefee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current fee overhead.
     *
     * @return Current fee overhead.
     */
    function overhead() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).l1FeeOverhead();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the current fee scalar.
     *
     * @return Current fee scalar.
     */
    function scalar() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).l1FeeScalar();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest known L1 base fee.
     *
     * @return Latest known L1 base fee.
     */
    function l1BaseFee() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).basefee();
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the number of decimals used in the scalar.
     *
     * @return Number of decimals used in the scalar.
     */
    function decimals() public pure returns (uint256) {
        return DECIMALS;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the amount of L1 gas used for a transaction. Adds the overhead which
     *         represents the per-transaction gas overhead of posting the transaction and state
     *         roots to L1. Adds 68 bytes of padding to account for the fact that the input does
     *         not have a signature.
     *
     * @param _data Unsigned fully RLP-encoded transaction to get the L1 gas for.
     *
     * @return Amount of L1 gas used to publish the transaction.
     */
    function getL1GasUsed(bytes memory _data) public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 total = 0;
        uint256 length = _data.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            if (_data[i] == 0) {
                total += 4;
            } else {
                total += 16;
            }
        }
        uint256 unsigned = total + overhead();
        return unsigned + (68 * 16);
    }
}

File 13 of 91 : L1Block.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015
 * @title L1Block
 * @notice The L1Block predeploy gives users access to information about the last known L1 block.
 *         Values within this contract are updated once per epoch (every L1 block) and can only be
 *         set by the "depositor" account, a special system address. Depositor account transactions
 *         are created by the protocol whenever we move to a new epoch.
 */
contract L1Block is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the special depositor account.
     */
    address public constant DEPOSITOR_ACCOUNT = 0xDeaDDEaDDeAdDeAdDEAdDEaddeAddEAdDEAd0001;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 block number known by the L2 system.
     */
    uint64 public number;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 timestamp known by the L2 system.
     */
    uint64 public timestamp;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 basefee.
     */
    uint256 public basefee;

    /**
     * @notice The latest L1 blockhash.
     */
    bytes32 public hash;

    /**
     * @notice The number of L2 blocks in the same epoch.
     */
    uint64 public sequenceNumber;

    /**
     * @notice The versioned hash to authenticate the batcher by.
     */
    bytes32 public batcherHash;

    /**
     * @notice The overhead value applied to the L1 portion of the transaction
     *         fee.
     */
    uint256 public l1FeeOverhead;

    /**
     * @notice The scalar value applied to the L1 portion of the transaction fee.
     */
    uint256 public l1FeeScalar;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Updates the L1 block values.
     *
     * @param _number         L1 blocknumber.
     * @param _timestamp      L1 timestamp.
     * @param _basefee        L1 basefee.
     * @param _hash           L1 blockhash.
     * @param _sequenceNumber Number of L2 blocks since epoch start.
     * @param _batcherHash    Versioned hash to authenticate batcher by.
     * @param _l1FeeOverhead  L1 fee overhead.
     * @param _l1FeeScalar    L1 fee scalar.
     */
    function setL1BlockValues(
        uint64 _number,
        uint64 _timestamp,
        uint256 _basefee,
        bytes32 _hash,
        uint64 _sequenceNumber,
        bytes32 _batcherHash,
        uint256 _l1FeeOverhead,
        uint256 _l1FeeScalar
    ) external {
        require(
            msg.sender == DEPOSITOR_ACCOUNT,
            "L1Block: only the depositor account can set L1 block values"
        );

        number = _number;
        timestamp = _timestamp;
        basefee = _basefee;
        hash = _hash;
        sequenceNumber = _sequenceNumber;
        batcherHash = _batcherHash;
        l1FeeOverhead = _l1FeeOverhead;
        l1FeeScalar = _l1FeeScalar;
    }
}

File 14 of 91 : L1FeeVault.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A
 * @title L1FeeVault
 * @notice The L1FeeVault accumulates the L1 portion of the transaction fees.
 */
contract L1FeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}
}

File 15 of 91 : L2CrossDomainMessenger.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { AddressAliasHelper } from "../vendor/AddressAliasHelper.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "../universal/CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { L2ToL1MessagePasser } from "./L2ToL1MessagePasser.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007
 * @title L2CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice The L2CrossDomainMessenger is a high-level interface for message passing between L1 and
 *         L2 on the L2 side. Users are generally encouraged to use this contract instead of lower
 *         level message passing contracts.
 */
contract L2CrossDomainMessenger is CrossDomainMessenger, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _l1CrossDomainMessenger Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger contract.
     */
    constructor(address _l1CrossDomainMessenger)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        CrossDomainMessenger(_l1CrossDomainMessenger)
    {
        initialize();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializer.
     */
    function initialize() public initializer {
        __CrossDomainMessenger_init();
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the remote messenger. Use otherMessenger going forward.
     *
     * @return Address of the L1CrossDomainMessenger contract.
     */
    function l1CrossDomainMessenger() public view returns (address) {
        return OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal override {
        L2ToL1MessagePasser(payable(Predeploys.L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER)).initiateWithdrawal{
            value: _value
        }(_to, _gasLimit, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return AddressAliasHelper.undoL1ToL2Alias(msg.sender) == OTHER_MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc CrossDomainMessenger
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view override returns (bool) {
        return _target == address(this) || _target == address(Predeploys.L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER);
    }
}

File 16 of 91 : L2ERC721Bridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { ERC721Bridge } from "../universal/ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { ERC165Checker } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import { L1ERC721Bridge } from "../L1/L1ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC721 } from "../universal/IOptimismMintableERC721.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title L2ERC721Bridge
 * @notice The L2 ERC721 bridge is a contract which works together with the L1 ERC721 bridge to
 *         make it possible to transfer ERC721 tokens from Ethereum to Optimism. This contract
 *         acts as a minter for new tokens when it hears about deposits into the L1 ERC721 bridge.
 *         This contract also acts as a burner for tokens being withdrawn.
 *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
 *         bridge ONLY supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
 *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
 *         can be refunded on L2.
 */
contract L2ERC721Bridge is ERC721Bridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        ERC721Bridge(_messenger, _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Completes an ERC721 bridge from the other domain and sends the ERC721 token to the
     *         recipient on this domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 token on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 token on the other domain.
     * @param _from        Address that triggered the bridge on the other domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on this domain.
     * @param _tokenId     ID of the token being deposited.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to L1. Data supplied here will not be used to
     *                     execute any code on L1 and is only emitted as extra data for the
     *                     convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external onlyOtherBridge {
        require(_localToken != address(this), "L2ERC721Bridge: local token cannot be self");

        // Note that supportsInterface makes a callback to the _localToken address which is user
        // provided.
        require(
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_localToken, type(IOptimismMintableERC721).interfaceId),
            "L2ERC721Bridge: local token interface is not compliant"
        );

        require(
            _remoteToken == IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).remoteToken(),
            "L2ERC721Bridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC721 local token"
        );

        // When a deposit is finalized, we give the NFT with the same tokenId to the account
        // on L2. Note that safeMint makes a callback to the _to address which is user provided.
        IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).safeMint(_to, _tokenId);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc ERC721Bridge
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal override {
        require(_remoteToken != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: remote token cannot be address(0)");

        // Check that the withdrawal is being initiated by the NFT owner
        require(
            _from == IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).ownerOf(_tokenId),
            "Withdrawal is not being initiated by NFT owner"
        );

        // Construct calldata for l1ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721(_to, _tokenId)
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        address remoteToken = IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).remoteToken();
        require(
            remoteToken == _remoteToken,
            "L2ERC721Bridge: remote token does not match given value"
        );

        // When a withdrawal is initiated, we burn the withdrawer's NFT to prevent subsequent L2
        // usage
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        IOptimismMintableERC721(_localToken).burn(_from, _tokenId);

        bytes memory message = abi.encodeWithSelector(
            L1ERC721Bridge.finalizeBridgeERC721.selector,
            remoteToken,
            _localToken,
            _from,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _extraData
        );

        // Send message to L1 bridge
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        MESSENGER.sendMessage(OTHER_BRIDGE, message, _minGasLimit);

        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-events
        emit ERC721BridgeInitiated(_localToken, remoteToken, _from, _to, _tokenId, _extraData);
    }
}

File 17 of 91 : L2StandardBridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { StandardBridge } from "../universal/StandardBridge.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010
 * @title L2StandardBridge
 * @notice The L2StandardBridge is responsible for transfering ETH and ERC20 tokens between L1 and
 *         L2. In the case that an ERC20 token is native to L2, it will be escrowed within this
 *         contract. If the ERC20 token is native to L1, it will be burnt.
 *         NOTE: this contract is not intended to support all variations of ERC20 tokens. Examples
 *         of some token types that may not be properly supported by this contract include, but are
 *         not limited to: tokens with transfer fees, rebasing tokens, and tokens with blocklists.
 */
contract L2StandardBridge is StandardBridge, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a withdrawal from L2 to L1 is initiated.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L1.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 withdrawn.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    event WithdrawalInitiated(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever an ERC20 deposit is finalized.
     *
     * @param l1Token   Address of the token on L1.
     * @param l2Token   Address of the corresponding token on L2.
     * @param from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param to        Address of the recipient on L2.
     * @param amount    Amount of the ERC20 deposited.
     * @param extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    event DepositFinalized(
        address indexed l1Token,
        address indexed l2Token,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the L1StandardBridge.
     */
    constructor(address payable _otherBridge)
        Semver(1, 0, 0)
        StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER), _otherBridge)
    {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Initiates a withdrawal from L2 to L1.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function withdraw(
        address _l2Token,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateWithdrawal(_l2Token, msg.sender, msg.sender, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Initiates a withdrawal from L2 to L1 to a target account on L1.
     *         Note that if ETH is sent to a contract on L1 and the call fails, then that ETH will
     *         be locked in the L1StandardBridge. ETH may be recoverable if the call can be
     *         successfully replayed by increasing the amount of gas supplied to the call. If the
     *         call will fail for any amount of gas, then the ETH will be locked permanently.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _to          Recipient account on L1.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function withdrawTo(
        address _l2Token,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual {
        _initiateWithdrawal(_l2Token, msg.sender, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Finalizes a deposit from L1 to L2.
     *
     * @param _l1Token   Address of the L1 token to deposit.
     * @param _l2Token   Address of the corresponding L2 token.
     * @param _from      Address of the depositor.
     * @param _to        Address of the recipient.
     * @param _amount    Amount of the tokens being deposited.
     * @param _extraData Extra data attached to the deposit.
     */
    function finalizeDeposit(
        address _l1Token,
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable virtual {
        if (_l1Token == address(0) && _l2Token == Predeploys.LEGACY_ERC20_ETH) {
            finalizeBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        } else {
            finalizeBridgeERC20(_l2Token, _l1Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
        }

        emit DepositFinalized(_l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Retrieves the access of the corresponding L1 bridge contract.
     *
     * @return Address of the corresponding L1 bridge contract.
     */
    function l1TokenBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return address(OTHER_BRIDGE);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Internal function to a withdrawal from L2 to L1 to a target account on L1.
     *
     * @param _l2Token     Address of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _from        Address of the withdrawer.
     * @param _to          Recipient account on L1.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the L2 token to withdraw.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit to use for the transaction.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data attached to the withdrawal.
     */
    function _initiateWithdrawal(
        address _l2Token,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        address l1Token = OptimismMintableERC20(_l2Token).l1Token();
        if (_l2Token == Predeploys.LEGACY_ERC20_ETH) {
            _initiateBridgeETH(_from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
        } else {
            _initiateBridgeERC20(_l2Token, l1Token, _from, _to, _amount, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
        }

        emit WithdrawalInitiated(l1Token, _l2Token, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }
}

File 18 of 91 : L2ToL1MessagePasser.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Types } from "../libraries/Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { Encoding } from "../libraries/Encoding.sol";
import { Burn } from "../libraries/Burn.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016
 * @title L2ToL1MessagePasser
 * @notice The L2ToL1MessagePasser is a dedicated contract where messages that are being sent from
 *         L2 to L1 can be stored. The storage root of this contract is pulled up to the top level
 *         of the L2 output to reduce the cost of proving the existence of sent messages.
 */
contract L2ToL1MessagePasser is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice The L1 gas limit set when eth is withdrawn using the receive() function.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 100_000;

    /**
     * @notice Current message version identifier.
     */
    uint16 public constant MESSAGE_VERSION = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Includes the message hashes for all withdrawals
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public sentMessages;

    /**
     * @notice A unique value hashed with each withdrawal.
     */
    uint240 internal msgNonce;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted any time a withdrawal is initiated.
     *
     * @param nonce          Unique value corresponding to each withdrawal.
     * @param sender         The L2 account address which initiated the withdrawal.
     * @param target         The L1 account address the call will be send to.
     * @param value          The ETH value submitted for withdrawal, to be forwarded to the target.
     * @param gasLimit       The minimum amount of gas that must be provided when withdrawing.
     * @param data           The data to be forwarded to the target on L1.
     * @param withdrawalHash The hash of the withdrawal.
     */
    event MessagePassed(
        uint256 indexed nonce,
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed target,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        bytes data,
        bytes32 withdrawalHash
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the balance of this contract is burned.
     *
     * @param amount Amount of ETh that was burned.
     */
    event WithdrawerBalanceBurnt(uint256 indexed amount);

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Allows users to withdraw ETH by sending directly to this contract.
     */
    receive() external payable {
        initiateWithdrawal(msg.sender, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes all ETH held by this contract from the state. Used to prevent the amount of
     *         ETH on L2 inflating when ETH is withdrawn. Currently only way to do this is to
     *         create a contract and self-destruct it to itself. Anyone can call this function. Not
     *         incentivized since this function is very cheap.
     */
    function burn() external {
        uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
        Burn.eth(balance);
        emit WithdrawerBalanceBurnt(balance);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a message from L2 to L1.
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call on L1 execution.
     * @param _gasLimit Minimum gas limit for executing the message on L1.
     * @param _data     Data to forward to L1 target.
     */
    function initiateWithdrawal(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public payable {
        bytes32 withdrawalHash = Hashing.hashWithdrawal(
            Types.WithdrawalTransaction({
                nonce: messageNonce(),
                sender: msg.sender,
                target: _target,
                value: msg.value,
                gasLimit: _gasLimit,
                data: _data
            })
        );

        sentMessages[withdrawalHash] = true;

        emit MessagePassed(
            messageNonce(),
            msg.sender,
            _target,
            msg.value,
            _gasLimit,
            _data,
            withdrawalHash
        );

        unchecked {
            ++msgNonce;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the next message nonce. Message version will be added to the upper two
     *         bytes of the message nonce. Message version allows us to treat messages as having
     *         different structures.
     *
     * @return Nonce of the next message to be sent, with added message version.
     */
    function messageNonce() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Encoding.encodeVersionedNonce(msgNonce, MESSAGE_VERSION);
    }
}

File 19 of 91 : SequencerFeeVault.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";
import { FeeVault } from "../universal/FeeVault.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011
 * @title SequencerFeeVault
 * @notice The SequencerFeeVault is the contract that holds any fees paid to the Sequencer during
 *         transaction processing and block production.
 */
contract SequencerFeeVault is FeeVault, Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _recipient Address that will receive the accumulated fees.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient) FeeVault(_recipient, 10 ether) Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for the recipient address.
     *
     * @return The recipient address.
     */
    function l1FeeWallet() public view returns (address) {
        return RECIPIENT;
    }
}

File 20 of 91 : PortalSender.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { OptimismPortal } from "../L1/OptimismPortal.sol";

/**
 * @title PortalSender
 * @notice The PortalSender is a simple intermediate contract that will transfer the balance of the
 *         L1StandardBridge to the OptimismPortal during the Bedrock migration.
 */
contract PortalSender {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismPortal contract.
     */
    OptimismPortal public immutable PORTAL;

    /**
     * @param _portal Address of the OptimismPortal contract.
     */
    constructor(OptimismPortal _portal) {
        PORTAL = _portal;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends balance of this contract to the OptimismPortal.
     */
    function donate() public {
        PORTAL.donateETH{ value: address(this).balance }();
    }
}

File 21 of 91 : SystemDictator.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import { L2OutputOracle } from "../L1/L2OutputOracle.sol";
import { OptimismPortal } from "../L1/OptimismPortal.sol";
import { L1CrossDomainMessenger } from "../L1/L1CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { L1ERC721Bridge } from "../L1/L1ERC721Bridge.sol";
import { L1StandardBridge } from "../L1/L1StandardBridge.sol";
import { L1ChugSplashProxy } from "../legacy/L1ChugSplashProxy.sol";
import { AddressManager } from "../legacy/AddressManager.sol";
import { Proxy } from "../universal/Proxy.sol";
import { ProxyAdmin } from "../universal/ProxyAdmin.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20Factory } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20Factory.sol";
import { PortalSender } from "./PortalSender.sol";
import { SystemConfig } from "../L1/SystemConfig.sol";

/**
 * @title SystemDictator
 * @notice The SystemDictator is responsible for coordinating the deployment of a full Bedrock
 *         system. The SystemDictator is designed to support both fresh network deployments and
 *         upgrades to existing pre-Bedrock systems.
 */
contract SystemDictator is OwnableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @notice Basic system configuration.
     */
    struct GlobalConfig {
        AddressManager addressManager;
        ProxyAdmin proxyAdmin;
        address controller;
        address finalOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set of proxy addresses.
     */
    struct ProxyAddressConfig {
        address l2OutputOracleProxy;
        address optimismPortalProxy;
        address l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy;
        address l1StandardBridgeProxy;
        address optimismMintableERC20FactoryProxy;
        address l1ERC721BridgeProxy;
        address systemConfigProxy;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set of implementation addresses.
     */
    struct ImplementationAddressConfig {
        L2OutputOracle l2OutputOracleImpl;
        OptimismPortal optimismPortalImpl;
        L1CrossDomainMessenger l1CrossDomainMessengerImpl;
        L1StandardBridge l1StandardBridgeImpl;
        OptimismMintableERC20Factory optimismMintableERC20FactoryImpl;
        L1ERC721Bridge l1ERC721BridgeImpl;
        PortalSender portalSenderImpl;
        SystemConfig systemConfigImpl;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     */
    struct L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig {
        uint256 l2OutputOracleStartingBlockNumber;
        uint256 l2OutputOracleStartingTimestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Values for the system config contract.
     */
    struct SystemConfigConfig {
        address owner;
        uint256 overhead;
        uint256 scalar;
        bytes32 batcherHash;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        address unsafeBlockSigner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Combined system configuration.
     */
    struct DeployConfig {
        GlobalConfig globalConfig;
        ProxyAddressConfig proxyAddressConfig;
        ImplementationAddressConfig implementationAddressConfig;
        SystemConfigConfig systemConfigConfig;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Step after which exit 1 can no longer be used.
     */
    uint8 public constant EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP = 3;

    /**
     * @notice Step where proxy ownership is transferred.
     */
    uint8 public constant PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP = 4;

    /**
     * @notice System configuration.
     */
    DeployConfig public config;

    /**
     * @notice Dynamic configuration for the L2OutputOracle.
     */
    L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig public l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig;

    /**
     * @notice Current step;
     */
    uint8 public currentStep;

    /**
     * @notice Whether or not dynamic config has been set.
     */
    bool public dynamicConfigSet;

    /**
     * @notice Whether or not the deployment is finalized.
     */
    bool public finalized;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the old L1CrossDomainMessenger implementation.
     */
    address public oldL1CrossDomainMessenger;

    /**
     * @notice Checks that the current step is the expected step, then bumps the current step.
     *
     * @param _step Current step.
     */
    modifier step(uint8 _step) {
        require(currentStep == _step, "BaseSystemDictator: incorrect step");
        _;
        currentStep++;
    }

    /**
     * @param _config System configuration.
     */
    function initialize(DeployConfig memory _config) public initializer {
        config = _config;
        currentStep = 1;
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.controller);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner to update dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     *
     * @param _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig Dynamic L2OutputOracle config.
     */
    function updateL2OutputOracleDynamicConfig(
        L2OutputOracleDynamicConfig memory _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig
    ) external onlyOwner {
        l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig = _l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig;
        dynamicConfigSet = true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Configures the ProxyAdmin contract.
     */
    function step1() external onlyOwner step(1) {
        // Set the AddressManager in the ProxyAdmin.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setAddressManager(config.globalConfig.addressManager);

        // Set the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the RESOLVED proxy type.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setProxyType(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy,
            ProxyAdmin.ProxyType.RESOLVED
        );

        // Set the implementation name for the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setImplementationName(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy,
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger"
        );

        // Set the L1StandardBridge to the CHUGSPLASH proxy type.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.setProxyType(
            config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy,
            ProxyAdmin.ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pauses the system by shutting down the L1CrossDomainMessenger and setting the
     *         deposit halt flag to tell the Sequencer's DTL to stop accepting deposits.
     */
    function step2() external onlyOwner step(2) {
        // Store the address of the old L1CrossDomainMessenger implementation. We will need this
        // address in the case that we have to exit early.
        oldL1CrossDomainMessenger = config.globalConfig.addressManager.getAddress(
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger"
        );

        // Temporarily brick the L1CrossDomainMessenger by setting its implementation address to
        // address(0) which will cause the ResolvedDelegateProxy to revert. Better than pausing
        // the L1CrossDomainMessenger via pause() because it can be easily reverted.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress("OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger", address(0));

        // Set the DTL shutoff block, which will tell the DTL to stop syncing new deposits from the
        // CanonicalTransactionChain. We do this by setting an address in the AddressManager
        // because the DTL already has a reference to the AddressManager and this way we don't also
        // need to give it a reference to the SystemDictator.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(
            "DTL_SHUTOFF_BLOCK",
            address(uint160(block.number))
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes deprecated addresses from the AddressManager.
     */
    function step3() external onlyOwner step(EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP) {
        // Remove all deprecated addresses from the AddressManager
        string[17] memory deprecated = [
            "OVM_CanonicalTransactionChain",
            "OVM_L2CrossDomainMessenger",
            "OVM_DecompressionPrecompileAddress",
            "OVM_Sequencer",
            "OVM_Proposer",
            "OVM_ChainStorageContainer-CTC-batches",
            "OVM_ChainStorageContainer-CTC-queue",
            "OVM_CanonicalTransactionChain",
            "OVM_StateCommitmentChain",
            "OVM_BondManager",
            "OVM_ExecutionManager",
            "OVM_FraudVerifier",
            "OVM_StateManagerFactory",
            "OVM_StateTransitionerFactory",
            "OVM_SafetyChecker",
            "OVM_L1MultiMessageRelayer",
            "BondManager"
        ];

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < deprecated.length; i++) {
            config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(deprecated[i], address(0));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers system ownership to the ProxyAdmin.
     */
    function step4() external onlyOwner step(PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP) {
        // Transfer ownership of the AddressManager to the ProxyAdmin.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.transferOwnership(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );

        // Transfer ownership of the L1StandardBridge to the ProxyAdmin.
        L1ChugSplashProxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy)).setOwner(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );

        // Transfer ownership of the L1ERC721Bridge to the ProxyAdmin.
        Proxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy)).changeAdmin(
            address(config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Upgrades and initializes proxy contracts.
     */
    function step5() external onlyOwner step(5) {
        // Dynamic config must be set before we can initialize the L2OutputOracle.
        require(dynamicConfigSet, "SystemDictator: dynamic oracle config is not yet initialized");

        // Upgrade and initialize the L2OutputOracle.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l2OutputOracleProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l2OutputOracleImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(
                L2OutputOracle.initialize,
                (
                    l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig.l2OutputOracleStartingBlockNumber,
                    l2OutputOracleDynamicConfig.l2OutputOracleStartingTimestamp
                )
            )
        );

        // Upgrade and initialize the OptimismPortal.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.optimismPortalProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.optimismPortalImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(OptimismPortal.initialize, ())
        );

        // Upgrade the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerImpl)
        );

        // Try to initialize the L1CrossDomainMessenger, only fail if it's already been initialized.
        try
            L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy)
                .initialize(address(this))
        {
            // L1CrossDomainMessenger is the one annoying edge case difference between existing
            // networks and fresh networks because in existing networks it'll already be
            // initialized but in fresh networks it won't be. Try/catch is the easiest and most
            // consistent way to handle this because initialized() is not exposed publicly.
        } catch Error(string memory reason) {
            require(
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(reason)) ==
                    keccak256("Initializable: contract is already initialized"),
                string.concat("SystemDictator: unexpected error initializing L1XDM: ", reason)
            );
        } catch {
            revert("SystemDictator: unexpected error initializing L1XDM (no reason)");
        }

        // Transfer ETH from the L1StandardBridge to the OptimismPortal.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.portalSenderImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(PortalSender.donate, ())
        );

        // Upgrade the L1StandardBridge (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade the OptimismMintableERC20Factory (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.optimismMintableERC20FactoryProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.optimismMintableERC20FactoryImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade the L1ERC721Bridge (no initializer).
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgrade(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeImpl)
        );

        // Upgrade and initialize the SystemConfig.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.systemConfigProxy),
            address(config.implementationAddressConfig.systemConfigImpl),
            abi.encodeCall(
                SystemConfig.initialize,
                (
                    config.systemConfigConfig.owner,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.overhead,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.scalar,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.batcherHash,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.gasLimit,
                    config.systemConfigConfig.unsafeBlockSigner
                )
            )
        );

        // Pause the L1CrossDomainMessenger, chance to check that everything is OK.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy).pause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unpauses the system at which point the system should be fully operational.
     */
    function step6() external onlyOwner step(6) {
        // Unpause the L1CrossDomainMessenger.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy).unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Tranfers admin ownership to the final owner.
     */
    function finalize() external onlyOwner {
        // Transfer ownership of the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the final owner.
        L1CrossDomainMessenger(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1CrossDomainMessengerProxy)
            .transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.finalOwner);

        // Transfer ownership of the ProxyAdmin to the final owner.
        config.globalConfig.proxyAdmin.transferOwnership(config.globalConfig.finalOwner);

        // Optionally also transfer AddressManager and L1StandardBridge if we still own it. Might
        // happen if we're exiting early.
        if (currentStep <= PROXY_TRANSFER_STEP) {
            // Transfer ownership of the AddressManager to the final owner.
            config.globalConfig.addressManager.transferOwnership(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );

            // Transfer ownership of the L1StandardBridge to the final owner.
            L1ChugSplashProxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1StandardBridgeProxy)).setOwner(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );

            // Transfer ownership of the L1ERC721Bridge to the final owner.
            Proxy(payable(config.proxyAddressConfig.l1ERC721BridgeProxy)).changeAdmin(
                address(config.globalConfig.finalOwner)
            );
        }

        finalized = true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice First exit point, can only be called before step 3 is executed.
     */
    function exit1() external onlyOwner {
        require(
            currentStep == EXIT_1_NO_RETURN_STEP,
            "SystemDictator: can only exit1 before step 3 is executed"
        );

        // Reset the L1CrossDomainMessenger to the old implementation.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress(
            "OVM_L1CrossDomainMessenger",
            oldL1CrossDomainMessenger
        );

        // Unset the DTL shutoff block which will allow the DTL to sync again.
        config.globalConfig.addressManager.setAddress("DTL_SHUTOFF_BLOCK", address(0));
    }
}

File 22 of 91 : AddressManager.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title AddressManager
 * @notice AddressManager is a legacy contract that was used in the old version of the Optimism
 *         system to manage a registry of string names to addresses. We now use a more standard
 *         proxy system instead, but this contract is still necessary for backwards compatibility
 *         with several older contracts.
 */
contract AddressManager is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of the hashes of string names to addresses.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => address) private addresses;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an address is modified in the registry.
     *
     * @param name       String name being set in the registry.
     * @param newAddress Address set for the given name.
     * @param oldAddress Address that was previously set for the given name.
     */
    event AddressSet(string indexed name, address newAddress, address oldAddress);

    /**
     * @notice Changes the address associated with a particular name.
     *
     * @param _name    String name to associate an address with.
     * @param _address Address to associate with the name.
     */
    function setAddress(string memory _name, address _address) external onlyOwner {
        bytes32 nameHash = _getNameHash(_name);
        address oldAddress = addresses[nameHash];
        addresses[nameHash] = _address;

        emit AddressSet(_name, _address, oldAddress);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the address associated with a given name.
     *
     * @param _name Name to retrieve an address for.
     *
     * @return Address associated with the given name.
     */
    function getAddress(string memory _name) external view returns (address) {
        return addresses[_getNameHash(_name)];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the hash of a name.
     *
     * @param _name Name to compute a hash for.
     *
     * @return Hash of the given name.
     */
    function _getNameHash(string memory _name) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_name));
    }
}

File 23 of 91 : DeployerWhitelist.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeployed 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002
 * @title DeployerWhitelist
 * @notice DeployerWhitelist is a legacy contract that was originally used to act as a whitelist of
 *         addresses allowed to the Optimism network. The DeployerWhitelist has since been
 *         disabled, but the code is kept in state for the sake of full backwards compatibility.
 *         As of the Bedrock upgrade, the DeployerWhitelist is completely unused by the Optimism
 *         system and could, in theory, be removed entirely.
 */
contract DeployerWhitelist is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the owner of this contract. Note that when this address is set to
     *         address(0), the whitelist is disabled.
     */
    address public owner;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of deployer addresses to boolean whitelist status.
     */
    mapping(address => bool) public whitelist;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the owner of this contract changes.
     *
     * @param oldOwner Address of the previous owner.
     * @param newOwner Address of the new owner.
     */
    event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the whitelist status of a deployer changes.
     *
     * @param deployer    Address of the deployer.
     * @param whitelisted Boolean indicating whether the deployer is whitelisted.
     */
    event WhitelistStatusChanged(address deployer, bool whitelisted);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the whitelist is disabled.
     *
     * @param oldOwner Address of the final owner of the whitelist.
     */
    event WhitelistDisabled(address oldOwner);

    /**
     * @notice Blocks functions to anyone except the contract owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(
            msg.sender == owner,
            "DeployerWhitelist: function can only be called by the owner of this contract"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Adds or removes an address from the deployment whitelist.
     *
     * @param _deployer      Address to update permissions for.
     * @param _isWhitelisted Whether or not the address is whitelisted.
     */
    function setWhitelistedDeployer(address _deployer, bool _isWhitelisted) external onlyOwner {
        whitelist[_deployer] = _isWhitelisted;
        emit WhitelistStatusChanged(_deployer, _isWhitelisted);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the owner of this contract.
     *
     * @param _owner Address of the new owner.
     */
    function setOwner(address _owner) external onlyOwner {
        // Prevent users from setting the whitelist owner to address(0) except via
        // enableArbitraryContractDeployment. If you want to burn the whitelist owner, send it to
        // any other address that doesn't have a corresponding knowable private key.
        require(
            _owner != address(0),
            "DeployerWhitelist: can only be disabled via enableArbitraryContractDeployment"
        );

        emit OwnerChanged(owner, _owner);
        owner = _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Permanently enables arbitrary contract deployment and deletes the owner.
     */
    function enableArbitraryContractDeployment() external onlyOwner {
        emit WhitelistDisabled(owner);
        owner = address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether an address is allowed to deploy contracts.
     *
     * @param _deployer Address to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the address can deploy contracts.
     */
    function isDeployerAllowed(address _deployer) external view returns (bool) {
        return (owner == address(0) || whitelist[_deployer]);
    }
}

File 24 of 91 : L1BlockNumber.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { L1Block } from "../L2/L1Block.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013
 * @title L1BlockNumber
 * @notice L1BlockNumber is a legacy contract that fills the roll of the OVM_L1BlockNumber contract
 *         in the old version of the Optimism system. Only necessary for backwards compatibility.
 *         If you want to access the L1 block number going forward, you should use the L1Block
 *         contract instead.
 */
contract L1BlockNumber is Semver {
    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L1 block number.
     */
    receive() external payable {
        uint256 l1BlockNumber = getL1BlockNumber();
        assembly {
            mstore(0, l1BlockNumber)
            return(0, 32)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the L1 block number.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
    fallback() external payable {
        uint256 l1BlockNumber = getL1BlockNumber();
        assembly {
            mstore(0, l1BlockNumber)
            return(0, 32)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest L1 block number.
     *
     * @return Latest L1 block number.
     */
    function getL1BlockNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return L1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).number();
    }
}

File 25 of 91 : L1ChugSplashProxy.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title IL1ChugSplashDeployer
 */
interface IL1ChugSplashDeployer {
    function isUpgrading() external view returns (bool);
}

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title L1ChugSplashProxy
 * @notice Basic ChugSplash proxy contract for L1. Very close to being a normal proxy but has added
 *         functions `setCode` and `setStorage` for changing the code or storage of the contract.
 *
 *         Note for future developers: do NOT make anything in this contract 'public' unless you
 *         know what you're doing. Anything public can potentially have a function signature that
 *         conflicts with a signature attached to the implementation contract. Public functions
 *         SHOULD always have the `proxyCallIfNotOwner` modifier unless there's some *really* good
 *         reason not to have that modifier. And there almost certainly is not a good reason to not
 *         have that modifier. Beware!
 */
contract L1ChugSplashProxy {
    /**
     * @notice "Magic" prefix. When prepended to some arbitrary bytecode and used to create a
     *         contract, the appended bytecode will be deployed as given.
     */
    bytes13 internal constant DEPLOY_CODE_PREFIX = 0x600D380380600D6000396000f3;

    /**
     * @notice bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_KEY =
        0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @notice bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.admin')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant OWNER_KEY =
        0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @notice Blocks a function from being called when the parent signals that the system should
     *         be paused via an isUpgrading function.
     */
    modifier onlyWhenNotPaused() {
        address owner = _getOwner();

        // We do a low-level call because there's no guarantee that the owner actually *is* an
        // L1ChugSplashDeployer contract and Solidity will throw errors if we do a normal call and
        // it turns out that it isn't the right type of contract.
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = owner.staticcall(
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IL1ChugSplashDeployer.isUpgrading.selector)
        );

        // If the call was unsuccessful then we assume that there's no "isUpgrading" method and we
        // can just continue as normal. We also expect that the return value is exactly 32 bytes
        // long. If this isn't the case then we can safely ignore the result.
        if (success && returndata.length == 32) {
            // Although the expected value is a *boolean*, it's safer to decode as a uint256 in the
            // case that the isUpgrading function returned something other than 0 or 1. But we only
            // really care about the case where this value is 0 (= false).
            uint256 ret = abi.decode(returndata, (uint256));
            require(ret == 0, "L1ChugSplashProxy: system is currently being upgraded");
        }

        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Makes a proxy call instead of triggering the given function when the caller is
     *         either the owner or the zero address. Caller can only ever be the zero address if
     *         this function is being called off-chain via eth_call, which is totally fine and can
     *         be convenient for client-side tooling. Avoids situations where the proxy and
     *         implementation share a sighash and the proxy function ends up being called instead
     *         of the implementation one.
     *
     *         Note: msg.sender == address(0) can ONLY be triggered off-chain via eth_call. If
     *         there's a way for someone to send a transaction with msg.sender == address(0) in any
     *         real context then we have much bigger problems. Primary reason to include this
     *         additional allowed sender is because the owner address can be changed dynamically
     *         and we do not want clients to have to keep track of the current owner in order to
     *         make an eth_call that doesn't trigger the proxied contract.
     */
    // slither-disable-next-line incorrect-modifier
    modifier proxyCallIfNotOwner() {
        if (msg.sender == _getOwner() || msg.sender == address(0)) {
            _;
        } else {
            // This WILL halt the call frame on completion.
            _doProxyCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner Address of the initial contract owner.
     */
    constructor(address _owner) {
        _setOwner(_owner);
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    receive() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    fallback() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the code that should be running behind this proxy.
     *
     *         Note: This scheme is a bit different from the standard proxy scheme where one would
     *         typically deploy the code separately and then set the implementation address. We're
     *         doing it this way because it gives us a lot more freedom on the client side. Can
     *         only be triggered by the contract owner.
     *
     * @param _code New contract code to run inside this contract.
     */
    function setCode(bytes memory _code) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        // Get the code hash of the current implementation.
        address implementation = _getImplementation();

        // If the code hash matches the new implementation then we return early.
        if (keccak256(_code) == _getAccountCodeHash(implementation)) {
            return;
        }

        // Create the deploycode by appending the magic prefix.
        bytes memory deploycode = abi.encodePacked(DEPLOY_CODE_PREFIX, _code);

        // Deploy the code and set the new implementation address.
        address newImplementation;
        assembly {
            newImplementation := create(0x0, add(deploycode, 0x20), mload(deploycode))
        }

        // Check that the code was actually deployed correctly. I'm not sure if you can ever
        // actually fail this check. Should only happen if the contract creation from above runs
        // out of gas but this parent execution thread does NOT run out of gas. Seems like we
        // should be doing this check anyway though.
        require(
            _getAccountCodeHash(newImplementation) == keccak256(_code),
            "L1ChugSplashProxy: code was not correctly deployed"
        );

        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Modifies some storage slot within the proxy contract. Gives us a lot of power to
     *         perform upgrades in a more transparent way. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _key   Storage key to modify.
     * @param _value New value for the storage key.
     */
    function setStorage(bytes32 _key, bytes32 _value) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        assembly {
            sstore(_key, _value)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _owner New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function setOwner(address _owner) external proxyCallIfNotOwner {
        _setOwner(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract. Can only be called by the owner OR by
     *         making an eth_call and setting the "from" address to address(0).
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function getOwner() external proxyCallIfNotOwner returns (address) {
        return _getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address. Can only be called by the owner OR by making an
     *         eth_call and setting the "from" address to address(0).
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function getImplementation() external proxyCallIfNotOwner returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation address.
     *
     * @param _implementation New implementation address.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address _implementation) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY, _implementation)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @param _owner New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function _setOwner(address _owner) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(OWNER_KEY, _owner)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Performs the proxy call via a delegatecall.
     */
    function _doProxyCall() internal onlyWhenNotPaused {
        address implementation = _getImplementation();

        require(implementation != address(0), "L1ChugSplashProxy: implementation is not set yet");

        assembly {
            // Copy calldata into memory at 0x0....calldatasize.
            calldatacopy(0x0, 0x0, calldatasize())

            // Perform the delegatecall, make sure to pass all available gas.
            let success := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0x0, calldatasize(), 0x0, 0x0)

            // Copy returndata into memory at 0x0....returndatasize. Note that this *will*
            // overwrite the calldata that we just copied into memory but that doesn't really
            // matter because we'll be returning in a second anyway.
            returndatacopy(0x0, 0x0, returndatasize())

            // Success == 0 means a revert. We'll revert too and pass the data up.
            if iszero(success) {
                revert(0x0, returndatasize())
            }

            // Otherwise we'll just return and pass the data up.
            return(0x0, returndatasize())
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        address implementation;
        assembly {
            implementation := sload(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY)
        }
        return implementation;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function _getOwner() internal view returns (address) {
        address owner;
        assembly {
            owner := sload(OWNER_KEY)
        }
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the code hash for a given account.
     *
     * @param _account Address of the account to get a code hash for.
     *
     * @return Code hash for the account.
     */
    function _getAccountCodeHash(address _account) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 codeHash;
        assembly {
            codeHash := extcodehash(_account)
        }
        return codeHash;
    }
}

File 26 of 91 : LegacyERC20ETH.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0xDeadDeAddeAddEAddeadDEaDDEAdDeaDDeAD0000
 * @title LegacyERC20ETH
 * @notice LegacyERC20ETH is a legacy contract that held ETH balances before the Bedrock upgrade.
 *         All ETH balances held within this contract were migrated to the state trie as part of
 *         the Bedrock upgrade. Functions within this contract that mutate state were already
 *         disabled as part of the EVM equivalence upgrade.
 */
contract LegacyERC20ETH is OptimismMintableERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract as an Optimism Mintable ERC20.
     */
    constructor()
        OptimismMintableERC20(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE, address(0), "Ether", "ETH")
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ETH balance of the target account. Overrides the base behavior of the
     *         contract to preserve the invariant that the balance within this contract always
     *         matches the balance in the state trie.
     *
     * @param _who Address of the account to query.
     *
     * @return The ETH balance of the target account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _who) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return address(_who).balance;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Mints some amount of ETH.
     */
    function mint(address, uint256) public virtual override {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: mint is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Burns some amount of ETH.
     */
    function burn(address, uint256) public virtual override {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: burn is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Transfers some amount of ETH.
     */
    function transfer(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: transfer is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Approves a spender to spend some amount of ETH.
     */
    function approve(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: approve is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Transfers funds from some sender account.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address,
        address,
        uint256
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: transferFrom is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Increases the allowance of a spender.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: increaseAllowance is disabled");
    }

    /**
     * @custom:blocked
     * @notice Decreases the allowance of a spender.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address, uint256) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        revert("LegacyERC20ETH: decreaseAllowance is disabled");
    }
}

File 27 of 91 : LegacyMessagePasser.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Semver } from "../universal/Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeploy 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000
 * @title LegacyMessagePasser
 * @notice The LegacyMessagePasser was the low-level mechanism used to send messages from L2 to L1
 *         before the Bedrock upgrade. It is now deprecated in favor of the new MessagePasser.
 */
contract LegacyMessagePasser is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping of sent message hashes to boolean status.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public sentMessages;

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     */
    constructor() Semver(1, 0, 0) {}

    /**
     * @notice Passes a message to L1.
     *
     * @param _message Message to pass to L1.
     */
    function passMessageToL1(bytes memory _message) external {
        sentMessages[keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_message, msg.sender))] = true;
    }
}

File 28 of 91 : ResolvedDelegateProxy.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { AddressManager } from "./AddressManager.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title ResolvedDelegateProxy
 * @notice ResolvedDelegateProxy is a legacy proxy contract that makes use of the AddressManager to
 *         resolve the implementation address. We're maintaining this contract for backwards
 *         compatibility so we can manage all legacy proxies where necessary.
 */
contract ResolvedDelegateProxy {
    /**
     * @notice Mapping used to store the implementation name that corresponds to this contract. A
     *         mapping was originally used as a way to bypass the same issue normally solved by
     *         storing the implementation address in a specific storage slot that does not conflict
     *         with any other storage slot. Generally NOT a safe solution but works as long as the
     *         implementation does not also keep a mapping in the first storage slot.
     */
    mapping(address => string) private implementationName;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping used to store the address of the AddressManager contract where the
     *         implementation address will be resolved from. Same concept here as with the above
     *         mapping. Also generally unsafe but fine if the implementation doesn't keep a mapping
     *         in the second storage slot.
     */
    mapping(address => AddressManager) private addressManager;

    /**
     * @param _addressManager  Address of the AddressManager.
     * @param _implementationName implementationName of the contract to proxy to.
     */
    constructor(AddressManager _addressManager, string memory _implementationName) {
        addressManager[address(this)] = _addressManager;
        implementationName[address(this)] = _implementationName;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Fallback, performs a delegatecall to the resolved implementation address.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-complex-fallback
    fallback() external payable {
        address target = addressManager[address(this)].getAddress(
            (implementationName[address(this)])
        );

        require(target != address(0), "ResolvedDelegateProxy: target address must be initialized");

        // slither-disable-next-line controlled-delegatecall
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(msg.data);

        if (success == true) {
            assembly {
                return(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        } else {
            assembly {
                revert(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        }
    }
}

File 29 of 91 : Arithmetic.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { SignedMath } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SignedMath.sol";
import { FixedPointMathLib } from "@rari-capital/solmate/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol";

/**
 * @title Arithmetic
 * @notice Even more math than before.
 */
library Arithmetic {
    /**
     * @notice Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.
     *
     * @param _value The value to clamp.
     * @param _min   The minimum value.
     * @param _max   The maximum value.
     *
     * @return The clamped value.
     */
    function clamp(
        int256 _value,
        int256 _min,
        int256 _max
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return SignedMath.min(SignedMath.max(_value, _min), _max);
    }

    /**
     * @notice (c)oefficient (d)enominator (exp)onentiation function.
     *         Returns the result of: c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     *
     * @param _coefficient Coefficient of the function.
     * @param _denominator Fractional denominator.
     * @param _exponent    Power function exponent.
     *
     * @return Result of c * (1 - 1/d)^exp.
     */
    function cdexp(
        int256 _coefficient,
        int256 _denominator,
        int256 _exponent
    ) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return
            (_coefficient *
                (FixedPointMathLib.powWad(1e18 - (1e18 / _denominator), _exponent * 1e18))) / 1e18;
    }
}

File 30 of 91 : Burn.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title Burn
 * @notice Utilities for burning stuff.
 */
library Burn {
    /**
     * Burns a given amount of ETH.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of ETH to burn.
     */
    function eth(uint256 _amount) internal {
        new Burner{ value: _amount }();
    }

    /**
     * Burns a given amount of gas.
     *
     * @param _amount Amount of gas to burn.
     */
    function gas(uint256 _amount) internal view {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 initialGas = gasleft();
        while (initialGas - gasleft() < _amount) {
            ++i;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @title Burner
 * @notice Burner self-destructs on creation and sends all ETH to itself, removing all ETH given to
 *         the contract from the circulating supply. Self-destructing is the only way to remove ETH
 *         from the circulating supply.
 */
contract Burner {
    constructor() payable {
        selfdestruct(payable(address(this)));
    }
}

File 31 of 91 : Bytes.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Bytes
 * @notice Bytes is a library for manipulating byte arrays.
 */
library Bytes {
    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/GNSPS/solidity-bytes-utils
     * @notice Slices a byte array with a given starting index and length. Returns a new byte array
     *         as opposed to a pointer to the original array. Will throw if trying to slice more
     *         bytes than exist in the array.
     *
     * @param _bytes Byte array to slice.
     * @param _start Starting index of the slice.
     * @param _length Length of the slice.
     *
     * @return Slice of the input byte array.
     */
    function slice(
        bytes memory _bytes,
        uint256 _start,
        uint256 _length
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        unchecked {
            require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
            require(_start + _length >= _start, "slice_overflow");
            require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");
        }

        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            switch iszero(_length)
            case 0 {
                // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                // Solidity does for memory variables.
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                // the actual length of the slice.
                let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

                // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                let end := add(mc, _length)

                for {
                    // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                    // as the one above.
                    let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                }

                mstore(tempBytes, _length)

                //update free-memory pointer
                //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
            }
            //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
            default {
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                mstore(tempBytes, 0)

                mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
            }
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Slices a byte array with a given starting index up to the end of the original byte
     *         array. Returns a new array rathern than a pointer to the original.
     *
     * @param _bytes Byte array to slice.
     * @param _start Starting index of the slice.
     *
     * @return Slice of the input byte array.
     */
    function slice(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_start >= _bytes.length) {
            return bytes("");
        }
        return slice(_bytes, _start, _bytes.length - _start);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Converts a byte array into a nibble array by splitting each byte into two nibbles.
     *         Resulting nibble array will be exactly twice as long as the input byte array.
     *
     * @param _bytes Input byte array to convert.
     *
     * @return Resulting nibble array.
     */
    function toNibbles(bytes memory _bytes) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        uint256 bytesLength = _bytes.length;
        bytes memory nibbles = new bytes(bytesLength * 2);
        bytes1 b;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < bytesLength; ) {
            b = _bytes[i];
            nibbles[i * 2] = b >> 4;
            nibbles[i * 2 + 1] = b & 0x0f;
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }

        return nibbles;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Compares two byte arrays by comparing their keccak256 hashes.
     *
     * @param _bytes First byte array to compare.
     * @param _other Second byte array to compare.
     *
     * @return True if the two byte arrays are equal, false otherwise.
     */
    function equal(bytes memory _bytes, bytes memory _other) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(_bytes) == keccak256(_other);
    }
}

File 32 of 91 : Constants.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Constants
 * @notice Constants is a library for storing constants. Simple! Don't put everything in here, just
 *         the stuff used in multiple contracts. Constants that only apply to a single contract
 *         should be defined in that contract instead.
 */
library Constants {
    /**
     * @notice Special address to be used as the tx origin for gas estimation calls in the
     *         OptimismPortal and CrossDomainMessenger calls. You only need to use this address if
     *         the minimum gas limit specified by the user is not actually enough to execute the
     *         given message and you're attempting to estimate the actual necessary gas limit. We
     *         use address(1) because it's the ecrecover precompile and therefore guaranteed to
     *         never have any code on any EVM chain.
     */
    address internal constant ESTIMATION_ADDRESS = address(1);

    /**
     * @notice Value used for the L2 sender storage slot in both the OptimismPortal and the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger contracts before an actual sender is set. This value is
     *         non-zero to reduce the gas cost of message passing transactions.
     */
    address internal constant DEFAULT_L2_SENDER = 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD;
}

File 33 of 91 : Encoding.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Types } from "./Types.sol";
import { Hashing } from "./Hashing.sol";
import { RLPWriter } from "./rlp/RLPWriter.sol";

/**
 * @title Encoding
 * @notice Encoding handles Optimism's various different encoding schemes.
 */
library Encoding {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes the L2 transaction that would be generated when a given deposit is sent
     *         to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2 system. The
     *         transaction is prefixed with 0x7e to identify its EIP-2718 type.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function encodeDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes32 source = Hashing.hashDepositSource(_tx.l1BlockHash, _tx.logIndex);
        bytes[] memory raw = new bytes[](8);
        raw[0] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(source));
        raw[1] = RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.from);
        raw[2] = _tx.isCreation ? RLPWriter.writeBytes("") : RLPWriter.writeAddress(_tx.to);
        raw[3] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.mint);
        raw[4] = RLPWriter.writeUint(_tx.value);
        raw[5] = RLPWriter.writeUint(uint256(_tx.gasLimit));
        raw[6] = RLPWriter.writeBool(false);
        raw[7] = RLPWriter.writeBytes(_tx.data);
        return abi.encodePacked(uint8(0x7e), RLPWriter.writeList(raw));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        (, uint16 version) = decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce);
        } else if (version == 1) {
            return encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Encoding: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes a cross domain message based on the V0 (legacy) encoding.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _data   Data to send with the message.
     * @param _nonce  Message nonce.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(
        address _target,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _data,
        uint256 _nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodeWithSignature(
                "relayMessage(address,address,bytes,uint256)",
                _target,
                _sender,
                _data,
                _nonce
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encodes a cross domain message based on the V1 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Encoded cross domain message.
     */
    function encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodeWithSignature(
                "relayMessage(uint256,address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)",
                _nonce,
                _sender,
                _target,
                _value,
                _gasLimit,
                _data
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Adds a version number into the first two bytes of a message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce   Message nonce to encode into.
     * @param _version Version number to encode into the message nonce.
     *
     * @return Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     */
    function encodeVersionedNonce(uint240 _nonce, uint16 _version) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 nonce;
        assembly {
            nonce := or(shl(240, _version), _nonce)
        }
        return nonce;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Pulls the version out of a version-encoded nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     *
     * @return Nonce without encoded version.
     * @return Version of the message.
     */
    function decodeVersionedNonce(uint256 _nonce) internal pure returns (uint240, uint16) {
        uint240 nonce;
        uint16 version;
        assembly {
            nonce := and(_nonce, 0x0000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff)
            version := shr(240, _nonce)
        }
        return (nonce, version);
    }
}

File 34 of 91 : Hashing.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Types } from "./Types.sol";
import { Encoding } from "./Encoding.sol";

/**
 * @title Hashing
 * @notice Hashing handles Optimism's various different hashing schemes.
 */
library Hashing {
    /**
     * @notice Computes the hash of the RLP encoded L2 transaction that would be generated when a
     *         given deposit is sent to the L2 system. Useful for searching for a deposit in the L2
     *         system.
     *
     * @param _tx User deposit transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hash of the RLP encoded L2 deposit transaction.
     */
    function hashDepositTransaction(Types.UserDepositTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return keccak256(Encoding.encodeDepositTransaction(_tx));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the deposit transaction's "source hash", a value that guarantees the hash
     *         of the L2 transaction that corresponds to a deposit is unique and is
     *         deterministically generated from L1 transaction data.
     *
     * @param _l1BlockHash Hash of the L1 block where the deposit was included.
     * @param _logIndex    The index of the log that created the deposit transaction.
     *
     * @return Hash of the deposit transaction's "source hash".
     */
    function hashDepositSource(bytes32 _l1BlockHash, uint256 _logIndex)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        bytes32 depositId = keccak256(abi.encode(_l1BlockHash, _logIndex));
        return keccak256(abi.encode(bytes32(0), depositId));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the cross domain message based on the version that is encoded into the
     *         message nonce.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce with version encoded into the first two bytes.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        if (version == 0) {
            return hashCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce);
        } else if (version == 1) {
            return hashCrossDomainMessageV1(_nonce, _sender, _target, _value, _gasLimit, _data);
        } else {
            revert("Hashing: unknown cross domain message version");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes a cross domain message based on the V0 (legacy) encoding.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _data   Data to send with the message.
     * @param _nonce  Message nonce.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessageV0(
        address _target,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _data,
        uint256 _nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(Encoding.encodeCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _data, _nonce));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes a cross domain message based on the V1 (current) encoding.
     *
     * @param _nonce    Message nonce.
     * @param _sender   Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param _target   Address of the target of the message.
     * @param _value    ETH value to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit to use for the message.
     * @param _data     Data to send with the message.
     *
     * @return Hashed cross domain message.
     */
    function hashCrossDomainMessageV1(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                Encoding.encodeCrossDomainMessageV1(
                    _nonce,
                    _sender,
                    _target,
                    _value,
                    _gasLimit,
                    _data
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Derives the withdrawal hash according to the encoding in the L2 Withdrawer contract
     *
     * @param _tx Withdrawal transaction to hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed withdrawal transaction.
     */
    function hashWithdrawal(Types.WithdrawalTransaction memory _tx)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(_tx.nonce, _tx.sender, _tx.target, _tx.value, _tx.gasLimit, _tx.data)
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Hashes the various elements of an output root proof into an output root hash which
     *         can be used to check if the proof is valid.
     *
     * @param _outputRootProof Output root proof which should hash to an output root.
     *
     * @return Hashed output root proof.
     */
    function hashOutputRootProof(Types.OutputRootProof memory _outputRootProof)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    _outputRootProof.version,
                    _outputRootProof.stateRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.messagePasserStorageRoot,
                    _outputRootProof.latestBlockhash
                )
            );
    }
}

File 35 of 91 : Predeploys.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Predeploys
 * @notice Contains constant addresses for contracts that are pre-deployed to the L2 system.
 */
library Predeploys {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ToL1MessagePasser predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_TO_L1_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000016;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2CrossDomainMessenger predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000007;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2StandardBridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000010;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L2ERC721Bridge predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L2_ERC721_BRIDGE = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000014;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the SequencerFeeWallet predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant SEQUENCER_FEE_WALLET = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismMintableERC20Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant OPTIMISM_MINTABLE_ERC20_FACTORY =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the OptimismMintableERC721Factory predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant OPTIMISM_MINTABLE_ERC721_FACTORY =
        0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000017;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L1Block predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the GasPriceOracle predeploy. Includes fee information
     *         and helpers for computing the L1 portion of the transaction fee.
     */
    address internal constant GAS_PRICE_ORACLE = 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000000F;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the L1MessageSender predeploy. Deprecated. Use L2CrossDomainMessenger
     *         or access tx.origin (or msg.sender) in a L1 to L2 transaction instead.
     */
    address internal constant L1_MESSAGE_SENDER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000001;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the DeployerWhitelist predeploy. No longer active.
     */
    address internal constant DEPLOYER_WHITELIST = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000002;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the LegacyERC20ETH predeploy. Deprecated. Balances are migrated to the
     *         state trie as of the Bedrock upgrade. Contract has been locked and write functions
     *         can no longer be accessed.
     */
    address internal constant LEGACY_ERC20_ETH = 0xDeadDeAddeAddEAddeadDEaDDEAdDeaDDeAD0000;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the L1BlockNumber predeploy. Deprecated. Use the L1Block predeploy
     *         instead, which exposes more information about the L1 state.
     */
    address internal constant L1_BLOCK_NUMBER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000013;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Address of the LegacyMessagePasser predeploy. Deprecate. Use the updated
     *         L2ToL1MessagePasser contract instead.
     */
    address internal constant LEGACY_MESSAGE_PASSER = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ProxyAdmin predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant PROXY_ADMIN = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000018;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the BaseFeeVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant BASE_FEE_VAULT = 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000019;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the L1FeeVault predeploy.
     */
    address internal constant L1_FEE_VAULT = 0x420000000000000000000000000000000000001A;
}

File 36 of 91 : SafeCall.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title SafeCall
 * @notice Perform low level safe calls
 */
library SafeCall {
    /**
     * @notice Perform a low level call without copying any returndata
     *
     * @param _target   Address to call
     * @param _gas      Amount of gas to pass to the call
     * @param _value    Amount of value to pass to the call
     * @param _calldata Calldata to pass to the call
     */
    function call(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        bool _success;
        assembly {
            _success := call(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                _value, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
        }
        return _success;
    }
}

File 37 of 91 : Types.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;

/**
 * @title Types
 * @notice Contains various types used throughout the Optimism contract system.
 */
library Types {
    /**
     * @notice OutputProposal represents a commitment to the L2 state. The timestamp is the L1
     *         timestamp that the output root is posted. This timestamp is used to verify that the
     *         finalization period has passed since the output root was submitted.
     *
     * @custom:field outputRoot    Hash of the L2 output.
     * @custom:field timestamp     Timestamp of the L1 block that the output root was submitted in.
     * @custom:field l2BlockNumber L2 block number that the output corresponds to.
     */
    struct OutputProposal {
        bytes32 outputRoot;
        uint128 timestamp;
        uint128 l2BlockNumber;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing the elements that are hashed together to generate an output root
     *         which itself represents a snapshot of the L2 state.
     *
     * @custom:field version                  Version of the output root.
     * @custom:field stateRoot                Root of the state trie at the block of this output.
     * @custom:field messagePasserStorageRoot Root of the message passer storage trie.
     * @custom:field latestBlockhash          Hash of the block this output was generated from.
     */
    struct OutputRootProof {
        bytes32 version;
        bytes32 stateRoot;
        bytes32 messagePasserStorageRoot;
        bytes32 latestBlockhash;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a deposit transaction (L1 => L2 transaction) created by an end
     *         user (as opposed to a system deposit transaction generated by the system).
     *
     * @custom:field from        Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field to          Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field isCreation  True if the transaction is a contract creation.
     * @custom:field value       Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field mint        Amount of ETH to mint.
     * @custom:field gasLimit    Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data        Data of the transaction.
     * @custom:field l1BlockHash Hash of the block the transaction was submitted in.
     * @custom:field logIndex    Index of the log in the block the transaction was submitted in.
     */
    struct UserDepositTransaction {
        address from;
        address to;
        bool isCreation;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 mint;
        uint64 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
        bytes32 l1BlockHash;
        uint256 logIndex;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a withdrawal transaction.
     *
     * @custom:field nonce    Nonce of the withdrawal transaction
     * @custom:field sender   Address of the sender of the transaction.
     * @custom:field target   Address of the recipient of the transaction.
     * @custom:field value    Value to send to the recipient.
     * @custom:field gasLimit Gas limit of the transaction.
     * @custom:field data     Data of the transaction.
     */
    struct WithdrawalTransaction {
        uint256 nonce;
        address sender;
        address target;
        uint256 value;
        uint256 gasLimit;
        bytes data;
    }
}

File 38 of 91 : RLPReader.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/**
 * @custom:attribution https://github.com/hamdiallam/Solidity-RLP
 * @title RLPReader
 * @notice RLPReader is a library for parsing RLP-encoded byte arrays into Solidity types. Adapted
 *         from Solidity-RLP (https://github.com/hamdiallam/Solidity-RLP) by Hamdi Allam with
 *         various tweaks to improve readability.
 */
library RLPReader {
    /**
     * Custom pointer type to avoid confusion between pointers and uint256s.
     */
    type MemoryPointer is uint256;

    /**
     * @notice RLP item types.
     *
     * @custom:value DATA_ITEM Represents an RLP data item (NOT a list).
     * @custom:value LIST_ITEM Represents an RLP list item.
     */
    enum RLPItemType {
        DATA_ITEM,
        LIST_ITEM
    }

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing an RLP item.
     *
     * @custom:field length Length of the RLP item.
     * @custom:field ptr    Pointer to the RLP item in memory.
     */
    struct RLPItem {
        uint256 length;
        MemoryPointer ptr;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Max list length that this library will accept.
     */
    uint256 internal constant MAX_LIST_LENGTH = 32;

    /**
     * @notice Converts bytes to a reference to memory position and length.
     *
     * @param _in Input bytes to convert.
     *
     * @return Output memory reference.
     */
    function toRLPItem(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        // Empty arrays are not RLP items.
        require(
            _in.length > 0,
            "RLPReader: length of an RLP item must be greater than zero to be decodable"
        );

        MemoryPointer ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(_in, 32)
        }

        return RLPItem({ length: _in.length, ptr: ptr });
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP list value into a list of RLP items.
     *
     * @param _in RLP list value.
     *
     * @return Decoded RLP list items.
     */
    function readList(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        (uint256 listOffset, uint256 listLength, RLPItemType itemType) = _decodeLength(_in);

        require(
            itemType == RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM,
            "RLPReader: decoded item type for list is not a list item"
        );

        require(
            listOffset + listLength == _in.length,
            "RLPReader: list item has an invalid data remainder"
        );

        // Solidity in-memory arrays can't be increased in size, but *can* be decreased in size by
        // writing to the length. Since we can't know the number of RLP items without looping over
        // the entire input, we'd have to loop twice to accurately size this array. It's easier to
        // simply set a reasonable maximum list length and decrease the size before we finish.
        RLPItem[] memory out = new RLPItem[](MAX_LIST_LENGTH);

        uint256 itemCount = 0;
        uint256 offset = listOffset;
        while (offset < _in.length) {
            (uint256 itemOffset, uint256 itemLength, ) = _decodeLength(
                RLPItem({
                    length: _in.length - offset,
                    ptr: MemoryPointer.wrap(MemoryPointer.unwrap(_in.ptr) + offset)
                })
            );

            // We don't need to check itemCount < out.length explicitly because Solidity already
            // handles this check on our behalf, we'd just be wasting gas.
            out[itemCount] = RLPItem({
                length: itemLength + itemOffset,
                ptr: MemoryPointer.wrap(MemoryPointer.unwrap(_in.ptr) + offset)
            });

            itemCount += 1;
            offset += itemOffset + itemLength;
        }

        // Decrease the array size to match the actual item count.
        assembly {
            mstore(out, itemCount)
        }

        return out;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP list value into a list of RLP items.
     *
     * @param _in RLP list value.
     *
     * @return Decoded RLP list items.
     */
    function readList(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        return readList(toRLPItem(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP bytes value into bytes.
     *
     * @param _in RLP bytes value.
     *
     * @return Decoded bytes.
     */
    function readBytes(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        (uint256 itemOffset, uint256 itemLength, RLPItemType itemType) = _decodeLength(_in);

        require(
            itemType == RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM,
            "RLPReader: decoded item type for bytes is not a data item"
        );

        require(
            _in.length == itemOffset + itemLength,
            "RLPReader: bytes value contains an invalid remainder"
        );

        return _copy(_in.ptr, itemOffset, itemLength);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads an RLP bytes value into bytes.
     *
     * @param _in RLP bytes value.
     *
     * @return Decoded bytes.
     */
    function readBytes(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return readBytes(toRLPItem(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Reads the raw bytes of an RLP item.
     *
     * @param _in RLP item to read.
     *
     * @return Raw RLP bytes.
     */
    function readRawBytes(RLPItem memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _copy(_in.ptr, 0, _in.length);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Decodes the length of an RLP item.
     *
     * @param _in RLP item to decode.
     *
     * @return Offset of the encoded data.
     * @return Length of the encoded data.
     * @return RLP item type (LIST_ITEM or DATA_ITEM).
     */
    function _decodeLength(RLPItem memory _in)
        private
        pure
        returns (
            uint256,
            uint256,
            RLPItemType
        )
    {
        // Short-circuit if there's nothing to decode, note that we perform this check when
        // the user creates an RLP item via toRLPItem, but it's always possible for them to bypass
        // that function and create an RLP item directly. So we need to check this anyway.
        require(
            _in.length > 0,
            "RLPReader: length of an RLP item must be greater than zero to be decodable"
        );

        MemoryPointer ptr = _in.ptr;
        uint256 prefix;
        assembly {
            prefix := byte(0, mload(ptr))
        }

        if (prefix <= 0x7f) {
            // Single byte.
            return (0, 1, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xb7) {
            // Short string.

            // slither-disable-next-line variable-scope
            uint256 strLen = prefix - 0x80;

            require(
                _in.length > strLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than string length (short string)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                strLen != 1 || firstByteOfContent >= 0x80,
                "RLPReader: invalid prefix, single byte < 0x80 are not prefixed (short string)"
            );

            return (1, strLen, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xbf) {
            // Long string.
            uint256 lenOfStrLen = prefix - 0xb7;

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfStrLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be > than length of string length (long string)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                firstByteOfContent != 0x00,
                "RLPReader: length of content must not have any leading zeros (long string)"
            );

            uint256 strLen;
            assembly {
                strLen := shr(sub(256, mul(8, lenOfStrLen)), mload(add(ptr, 1)))
            }

            require(
                strLen > 55,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than 55 bytes (long string)"
            );

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfStrLen + strLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than total length (long string)"
            );

            return (1 + lenOfStrLen, strLen, RLPItemType.DATA_ITEM);
        } else if (prefix <= 0xf7) {
            // Short list.
            // slither-disable-next-line variable-scope
            uint256 listLen = prefix - 0xc0;

            require(
                _in.length > listLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than list length (short list)"
            );

            return (1, listLen, RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM);
        } else {
            // Long list.
            uint256 lenOfListLen = prefix - 0xf7;

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfListLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be > than length of list length (long list)"
            );

            bytes1 firstByteOfContent;
            assembly {
                firstByteOfContent := and(mload(add(ptr, 1)), shl(248, 0xff))
            }

            require(
                firstByteOfContent != 0x00,
                "RLPReader: length of content must not have any leading zeros (long list)"
            );

            uint256 listLen;
            assembly {
                listLen := shr(sub(256, mul(8, lenOfListLen)), mload(add(ptr, 1)))
            }

            require(
                listLen > 55,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than 55 bytes (long list)"
            );

            require(
                _in.length > lenOfListLen + listLen,
                "RLPReader: length of content must be greater than total length (long list)"
            );

            return (1 + lenOfListLen, listLen, RLPItemType.LIST_ITEM);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Copies the bytes from a memory location.
     *
     * @param _src    Pointer to the location to read from.
     * @param _offset Offset to start reading from.
     * @param _length Number of bytes to read.
     *
     * @return Copied bytes.
     */
    function _copy(
        MemoryPointer _src,
        uint256 _offset,
        uint256 _length
    ) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory out = new bytes(_length);
        if (_length == 0) {
            return out;
        }

        // Mostly based on Solidity's copy_memory_to_memory:
        // solhint-disable max-line-length
        // https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/blob/34dd30d71b4da730488be72ff6af7083cf2a91f6/libsolidity/codegen/YulUtilFunctions.cpp#L102-L114
        uint256 src = MemoryPointer.unwrap(_src) + _offset;
        assembly {
            let dest := add(out, 32)
            let i := 0
            for {

            } lt(i, _length) {
                i := add(i, 32)
            } {
                mstore(add(dest, i), mload(add(src, i)))
            }

            if gt(i, _length) {
                mstore(add(dest, _length), 0)
            }
        }

        return out;
    }
}

File 39 of 91 : RLPWriter.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @custom:attribution https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode
 * @title RLPWriter
 * @author RLPWriter is a library for encoding Solidity types to RLP bytes. Adapted from Bakaoh's
 *         RLPEncode library (https://github.com/bakaoh/solidity-rlp-encode) with minor
 *         modifications to improve legibility.
 */
library RLPWriter {
    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a byte string.
     *
     * @param _in The byte string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeBytes(bytes memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_in.length == 1 && uint8(_in[0]) < 128) {
            encoded = _in;
        } else {
            encoded = abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(_in.length, 128), _in);
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a list of RLP encoded byte byte strings.
     *
     * @param _in The list of RLP encoded byte strings.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded list of items in bytes.
     */
    function writeList(bytes[] memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory list = _flatten(_in);
        return abi.encodePacked(_writeLength(list.length, 192), list);
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a string.
     *
     * @param _in The string to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded string in bytes.
     */
    function writeString(string memory _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(bytes(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes an address.
     *
     * @param _in The address to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded address in bytes.
     */
    function writeAddress(address _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(abi.encodePacked(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a uint.
     *
     * @param _in The uint256 to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded uint256 in bytes.
     */
    function writeUint(uint256 _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return writeBytes(_toBinary(_in));
    }

    /**
     * @notice RLP encodes a bool.
     *
     * @param _in The bool to encode.
     *
     * @return The RLP encoded bool in bytes.
     */
    function writeBool(bool _in) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded = new bytes(1);
        encoded[0] = (_in ? bytes1(0x01) : bytes1(0x80));
        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode the first byte and then the `len` in binary form if `length` is more than 55.
     *
     * @param _len    The length of the string or the payload.
     * @param _offset 128 if item is string, 192 if item is list.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _writeLength(uint256 _len, uint256 _offset) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory encoded;

        if (_len < 56) {
            encoded = new bytes(1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(_len) + uint8(_offset));
        } else {
            uint256 lenLen;
            uint256 i = 1;
            while (_len / i != 0) {
                lenLen++;
                i *= 256;
            }

            encoded = new bytes(lenLen + 1);
            encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(lenLen) + uint8(_offset) + 55);
            for (i = 1; i <= lenLen; i++) {
                encoded[i] = bytes1(uint8((_len / (256**(lenLen - i))) % 256));
            }
        }

        return encoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Encode integer in big endian binary form with no leading zeroes.
     *
     * @param _x The integer to encode.
     *
     * @return RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function _toBinary(uint256 _x) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory b = abi.encodePacked(_x);

        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < 32; i++) {
            if (b[i] != 0) {
                break;
            }
        }

        bytes memory res = new bytes(32 - i);
        for (uint256 j = 0; j < res.length; j++) {
            res[j] = b[i++];
        }

        return res;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/Arachnid/solidity-stringutils
     * @notice Copies a piece of memory to another location.
     *
     * @param _dest Destination location.
     * @param _src  Source location.
     * @param _len  Length of memory to copy.
     */
    function _memcpy(
        uint256 _dest,
        uint256 _src,
        uint256 _len
    ) private pure {
        uint256 dest = _dest;
        uint256 src = _src;
        uint256 len = _len;

        for (; len >= 32; len -= 32) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }
            dest += 32;
            src += 32;
        }

        uint256 mask;
        unchecked {
            mask = 256**(32 - len) - 1;
        }
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask))
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask)
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @custom:attribution https://github.com/sammayo/solidity-rlp-encoder
     * @notice Flattens a list of byte strings into one byte string.
     *
     * @param _list List of byte strings to flatten.
     *
     * @return The flattened byte string.
     */
    function _flatten(bytes[] memory _list) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_list.length == 0) {
            return new bytes(0);
        }

        uint256 len;
        uint256 i = 0;
        for (; i < _list.length; i++) {
            len += _list[i].length;
        }

        bytes memory flattened = new bytes(len);
        uint256 flattenedPtr;
        assembly {
            flattenedPtr := add(flattened, 0x20)
        }

        for (i = 0; i < _list.length; i++) {
            bytes memory item = _list[i];

            uint256 listPtr;
            assembly {
                listPtr := add(item, 0x20)
            }

            _memcpy(flattenedPtr, listPtr, item.length);
            flattenedPtr += _list[i].length;
        }

        return flattened;
    }
}

File 40 of 91 : MerkleTrie.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Bytes } from "../Bytes.sol";
import { RLPReader } from "../rlp/RLPReader.sol";

/**
 * @title MerkleTrie
 * @notice MerkleTrie is a small library for verifying standard Ethereum Merkle-Patricia trie
 *         inclusion proofs. By default, this library assumes a hexary trie. One can change the
 *         trie radix constant to support other trie radixes.
 */
library MerkleTrie {
    /**
     * @notice Struct representing a node in the trie.
     *
     * @custom:field encoded The RLP-encoded node.
     * @custom:field decoded The RLP-decoded node.
     */
    struct TrieNode {
        bytes encoded;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] decoded;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Determines the number of elements per branch node.
     */
    uint256 internal constant TREE_RADIX = 16;

    /**
     * @notice Branch nodes have TREE_RADIX elements and one value element.
     */
    uint256 internal constant BRANCH_NODE_LENGTH = TREE_RADIX + 1;

    /**
     * @notice Leaf nodes and extension nodes have two elements, a `path` and a `value`.
     */
    uint256 internal constant LEAF_OR_EXTENSION_NODE_LENGTH = 2;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for even-nibbled extension node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_EXTENSION_EVEN = 0;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for odd-nibbled extension node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_EXTENSION_ODD = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for even-nibbled leaf node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_LEAF_EVEN = 2;

    /**
     * @notice Prefix for odd-nibbled leaf node paths.
     */
    uint8 internal constant PREFIX_LEAF_ODD = 3;

    /**
     * @notice Verifies a proof that a given key/value pair is present in the trie.
     *
     * @param _key   Key of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _value Value of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the desired node. Unlike traditional Merkle
     *               trees, this proof is executed top-down and consists of a list of RLP-encoded
     *               nodes that make a path down to the target node.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie. Used to verify that the included proof is
     *               correctly constructed.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the proof is valid.
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return Bytes.equal(_value, get(_key, _proof, _root));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the value associated with a given key.
     *
     * @param _key   Key to search for, as hex bytes.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the key.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @return Value of the key if it exists.
     */
    function get(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(_key.length > 0, "MerkleTrie: empty key");

        TrieNode[] memory proof = _parseProof(_proof);
        bytes memory key = Bytes.toNibbles(_key);
        bytes memory currentNodeID = abi.encodePacked(_root);
        uint256 currentKeyIndex = 0;

        // Proof is top-down, so we start at the first element (root).
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            TrieNode memory currentNode = proof[i];

            // Key index should never exceed total key length or we'll be out of bounds.
            require(
                currentKeyIndex <= key.length,
                "MerkleTrie: key index exceeds total key length"
            );

            if (currentKeyIndex == 0) {
                // First proof element is always the root node.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(abi.encodePacked(keccak256(currentNode.encoded)), currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid root hash"
                );
            } else if (currentNode.encoded.length >= 32) {
                // Nodes 32 bytes or larger are hashed inside branch nodes.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(abi.encodePacked(keccak256(currentNode.encoded)), currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid large internal hash"
                );
            } else {
                // Nodes smaller than 32 bytes aren't hashed.
                require(
                    Bytes.equal(currentNode.encoded, currentNodeID),
                    "MerkleTrie: invalid internal node hash"
                );
            }

            if (currentNode.decoded.length == BRANCH_NODE_LENGTH) {
                if (currentKeyIndex == key.length) {
                    // Value is the last element of the decoded list (for branch nodes). There's
                    // some ambiguity in the Merkle trie specification because bytes(0) is a
                    // valid value to place into the trie, but for branch nodes bytes(0) can exist
                    // even when the value wasn't explicitly placed there. Geth treats a value of
                    // bytes(0) as "key does not exist" and so we do the same.
                    bytes memory value = RLPReader.readBytes(currentNode.decoded[TREE_RADIX]);
                    require(
                        value.length > 0,
                        "MerkleTrie: value length must be greater than zero (branch)"
                    );

                    // Extra proof elements are not allowed.
                    require(
                        i == proof.length - 1,
                        "MerkleTrie: value node must be last node in proof (branch)"
                    );

                    return value;
                } else {
                    // We're not at the end of the key yet.
                    // Figure out what the next node ID should be and continue.
                    uint8 branchKey = uint8(key[currentKeyIndex]);
                    RLPReader.RLPItem memory nextNode = currentNode.decoded[branchKey];
                    currentNodeID = _getNodeID(nextNode);
                    currentKeyIndex += 1;
                }
            } else if (currentNode.decoded.length == LEAF_OR_EXTENSION_NODE_LENGTH) {
                bytes memory path = _getNodePath(currentNode);
                uint8 prefix = uint8(path[0]);
                uint8 offset = 2 - (prefix % 2);
                bytes memory pathRemainder = Bytes.slice(path, offset);
                bytes memory keyRemainder = Bytes.slice(key, currentKeyIndex);
                uint256 sharedNibbleLength = _getSharedNibbleLength(pathRemainder, keyRemainder);

                // Whether this is a leaf node or an extension node, the path remainder MUST be a
                // prefix of the key remainder (or be equal to the key remainder) or the proof is
                // considered invalid.
                require(
                    pathRemainder.length == sharedNibbleLength,
                    "MerkleTrie: path remainder must share all nibbles with key"
                );

                if (prefix == PREFIX_LEAF_EVEN || prefix == PREFIX_LEAF_ODD) {
                    // Prefix of 2 or 3 means this is a leaf node. For the leaf node to be valid,
                    // the key remainder must be exactly equal to the path remainder. We already
                    // did the necessary byte comparison, so it's more efficient here to check that
                    // the key remainder length equals the shared nibble length, which implies
                    // equality with the path remainder (since we already did the same check with
                    // the path remainder and the shared nibble length).
                    require(
                        keyRemainder.length == sharedNibbleLength,
                        "MerkleTrie: key remainder must be identical to path remainder"
                    );

                    // Our Merkle Trie is designed specifically for the purposes of the Ethereum
                    // state trie. Empty values are not allowed in the state trie, so we can safely
                    // say that if the value is empty, the key should not exist and the proof is
                    // invalid.
                    bytes memory value = RLPReader.readBytes(currentNode.decoded[1]);
                    require(
                        value.length > 0,
                        "MerkleTrie: value length must be greater than zero (leaf)"
                    );

                    // Extra proof elements are not allowed.
                    require(
                        i == proof.length - 1,
                        "MerkleTrie: value node must be last node in proof (leaf)"
                    );

                    return value;
                } else if (prefix == PREFIX_EXTENSION_EVEN || prefix == PREFIX_EXTENSION_ODD) {
                    // Prefix of 0 or 1 means this is an extension node. We move onto the next node
                    // in the proof and increment the key index by the length of the path remainder
                    // which is equal to the shared nibble length.
                    currentNodeID = _getNodeID(currentNode.decoded[1]);
                    currentKeyIndex += sharedNibbleLength;
                } else {
                    revert("MerkleTrie: received a node with an unknown prefix");
                }
            } else {
                revert("MerkleTrie: received an unparseable node");
            }
        }

        revert("MerkleTrie: ran out of proof elements");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses an array of proof elements into a new array that contains both the original
     *         encoded element and the RLP-decoded element.
     *
     * @param _proof Array of proof elements to parse.
     *
     * @return Proof parsed into easily accessible structs.
     */
    function _parseProof(bytes[] memory _proof) private pure returns (TrieNode[] memory) {
        uint256 length = _proof.length;
        TrieNode[] memory proof = new TrieNode[](length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ) {
            proof[i] = TrieNode({ encoded: _proof[i], decoded: RLPReader.readList(_proof[i]) });
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return proof;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Picks out the ID for a node. Node ID is referred to as the "hash" within the
     *         specification, but nodes < 32 bytes are not actually hashed.
     *
     * @param _node Node to pull an ID for.
     *
     * @return ID for the node, depending on the size of its contents.
     */
    function _getNodeID(RLPReader.RLPItem memory _node) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _node.length < 32 ? RLPReader.readRawBytes(_node) : RLPReader.readBytes(_node);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the path for a leaf or extension node.
     *
     * @param _node Node to get a path for.
     *
     * @return Node path, converted to an array of nibbles.
     */
    function _getNodePath(TrieNode memory _node) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return Bytes.toNibbles(RLPReader.readBytes(_node.decoded[0]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Utility; determines the number of nibbles shared between two nibble arrays.
     *
     * @param _a First nibble array.
     * @param _b Second nibble array.
     *
     * @return Number of shared nibbles.
     */
    function _getSharedNibbleLength(bytes memory _a, bytes memory _b)
        private
        pure
        returns (uint256)
    {
        uint256 shared;
        uint256 max = (_a.length < _b.length) ? _a.length : _b.length;
        for (; shared < max && _a[shared] == _b[shared]; ) {
            unchecked {
                ++shared;
            }
        }
        return shared;
    }
}

File 41 of 91 : SecureMerkleTrie.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/* Library Imports */
import { MerkleTrie } from "./MerkleTrie.sol";

/**
 * @title SecureMerkleTrie
 * @notice SecureMerkleTrie is a thin wrapper around the MerkleTrie library that hashes the input
 *         keys. Ethereum's state trie hashes input keys before storing them.
 */
library SecureMerkleTrie {
    /**
     * @notice Verifies a proof that a given key/value pair is present in the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @param _key   Key of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _value Value of the node to search for, as a hex string.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the desired node. Unlike traditional Merkle
     *               trees, this proof is executed top-down and consists of a list of RLP-encoded
     *               nodes that make a path down to the target node.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie. Used to verify that the included proof is
     *               correctly constructed.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the proof is valid.
     */
    function verifyInclusionProof(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes memory _value,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        bytes memory key = _getSecureKey(_key);
        return MerkleTrie.verifyInclusionProof(key, _value, _proof, _root);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the value associated with a given key.
     *
     * @param _key   Key to search for, as hex bytes.
     * @param _proof Merkle trie inclusion proof for the key.
     * @param _root  Known root of the Merkle trie.
     *
     * @return Value of the key if it exists.
     */
    function get(
        bytes memory _key,
        bytes[] memory _proof,
        bytes32 _root
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory key = _getSecureKey(_key);
        return MerkleTrie.get(key, _proof, _root);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the hashed version of the input key.
     *
     * @param _key Key to hash.
     *
     * @return Hashed version of the key.
     */
    function _getSecureKey(bytes memory _key) private pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(keccak256(_key));
    }
}

File 42 of 91 : CrossDomainMessenger.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import {
    OwnableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {
    PausableUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import {
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { Hashing } from "../libraries/Hashing.sol";
import { Encoding } from "../libraries/Encoding.sol";
import { Constants } from "../libraries/Constants.sol";

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer
 * @notice Contract only exists to add a spacer to the CrossDomainMessenger where the
 *         libAddressManager variable used to exist. Must be the first contract in the inheritance
 *         tree of the CrossDomainMessenger
 */
contract CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer {
    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer libAddressManager
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_0_0_20;
}

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title CrossDomainMessenger
 * @notice CrossDomainMessenger is a base contract that provides the core logic for the L1 and L2
 *         cross-chain messenger contracts. It's designed to be a universal interface that only
 *         needs to be extended slightly to provide low-level message passing functionality on each
 *         chain it's deployed on. Currently only designed for message passing between two paired
 *         chains and does not support one-to-many interactions.
 */
abstract contract CrossDomainMessenger is
    CrossDomainMessengerLegacySpacer,
    OwnableUpgradeable,
    PausableUpgradeable,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
{
    /**
     * @notice Current message version identifier.
     */
    uint16 public constant MESSAGE_VERSION = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Constant overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Numerator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR = 1016;

    /**
     * @notice Denominator for dynamic overhead added to the base gas for a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR = 1000;

    /**
     * @notice Extra gas added to base gas for each byte of calldata in a message.
     */
    uint64 public constant MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD = 16;

    /**
     * @notice Minimum amount of gas required to relay a message.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED = 45_000;

    /**
     * @notice Amount of gas held in reserve to guarantee that relay execution completes.
     */
    uint256 internal constant RELAY_GAS_BUFFER = RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED - 5000;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the paired CrossDomainMessenger contract on the other chain.
     */
    address public immutable OTHER_MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer blockedMessages
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private spacer_201_0_32;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer relayedMessages
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private spacer_202_0_32;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to boolean receipt values. Note that a message will only
     *         be present in this mapping if it has successfully been relayed on this chain, and
     *         can therefore not be relayed again.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public successfulMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain. If the
     *         value of this variable is the default value (0x00000000...dead) then no message is
     *         currently being executed. Use the xDomainMessageSender getter which will throw an
     *         error if this is the case.
     */
    address internal xDomainMsgSender;

    /**
     * @notice Nonce for the next message to be sent, without the message version applied. Use the
     *         messageNonce getter which will insert the message version into the nonce to give you
     *         the actual nonce to be used for the message.
     */
    uint240 internal msgNonce;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping of message hashes to a boolean if and only if the message has failed to be
     *         executed at least once. A message will not be present in this mapping if it
     *         successfully executed on the first attempt.
     */
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public failedMessages;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 41 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[42] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is sent to the other chain.
     *
     * @param target       Address of the recipient of the message.
     * @param sender       Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param message      Message to trigger the recipient address with.
     * @param messageNonce Unique nonce attached to the message.
     * @param gasLimit     Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    event SentMessage(
        address indexed target,
        address sender,
        bytes message,
        uint256 messageNonce,
        uint256 gasLimit
    );

    /**
     * @notice Additional event data to emit, required as of Bedrock. Cannot be merged with the
     *         SentMessage event without breaking the ABI of this contract, this is good enough.
     *
     * @param sender Address of the sender of the message.
     * @param value  ETH value sent along with the message to the recipient.
     */
    event SentMessageExtension1(address indexed sender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message is successfully relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that was relayed.
     */
    event RelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a message fails to be relayed on this chain.
     *
     * @param msgHash Hash of the message that failed to be relayed.
     */
    event FailedRelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /**
     * @param _otherMessenger Address of the messenger on the paired chain.
     */
    constructor(address _otherMessenger) {
        OTHER_MESSENGER = _otherMessenger;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner of this contract to temporarily pause message relaying. Backup
     *         security mechanism just in case. Owner should be the same as the upgrade wallet to
     *         maintain the security model of the system as a whole.
     */
    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner of this contract to resume message relaying once paused.
     */
    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a message to some target address on the other chain. Note that if the call
     *         always reverts, then the message will be unrelayable, and any ETH sent will be
     *         permanently locked. The same will occur if the target on the other chain is
     *         considered unsafe (see the _isUnsafeTarget() function).
     *
     * @param _target      Target contract or wallet address.
     * @param _message     Message to trigger the target address with.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit that the message can be executed with.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _minGasLimit
    ) external payable {
        // Triggers a message to the other messenger. Note that the amount of gas provided to the
        // message is the amount of gas requested by the user PLUS the base gas value. We want to
        // guarantee the property that the call to the target contract will always have at least
        // the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
        _sendMessage(
            OTHER_MESSENGER,
            baseGas(_message, _minGasLimit),
            msg.value,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.relayMessage.selector,
                messageNonce(),
                msg.sender,
                _target,
                msg.value,
                _minGasLimit,
                _message
            )
        );

        emit SentMessage(_target, msg.sender, _message, messageNonce(), _minGasLimit);
        emit SentMessageExtension1(msg.sender, msg.value);

        unchecked {
            ++msgNonce;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Relays a message that was sent by the other CrossDomainMessenger contract. Can only
     *         be executed via cross-chain call from the other messenger OR if the message was
     *         already received once and is currently being replayed.
     *
     * @param _nonce       Nonce of the message being relayed.
     * @param _sender      Address of the user who sent the message.
     * @param _target      Address that the message is targeted at.
     * @param _value       ETH value to send with the message.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the message can be executed with.
     * @param _message     Message to send to the target.
     */
    function relayMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable nonReentrant whenNotPaused {
        (, uint16 version) = Encoding.decodeVersionedNonce(_nonce);
        require(
            version < 2,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: only version 0 or 1 messages are supported at this time"
        );

        // If the message is version 0, then it's a migrated legacy withdrawal. We therefore need
        // to check that the legacy version of the message has not already been relayed.
        if (version == 0) {
            bytes32 oldHash = Hashing.hashCrossDomainMessageV0(_target, _sender, _message, _nonce);
            require(
                successfulMessages[oldHash] == false,
                "CrossDomainMessenger: legacy withdrawal already relayed"
            );
        }

        // We use the v1 message hash as the unique identifier for the message because it commits
        // to the value and minimum gas limit of the message.
        bytes32 versionedHash = Hashing.hashCrossDomainMessageV1(
            _nonce,
            _sender,
            _target,
            _value,
            _minGasLimit,
            _message
        );

        if (_isOtherMessenger()) {
            // These properties should always hold when the message is first submitted (as
            // opposed to being replayed).
            assert(msg.value == _value);
            assert(!failedMessages[versionedHash]);
        } else {
            require(
                msg.value == 0,
                "CrossDomainMessenger: value must be zero unless message is from a system address"
            );

            require(
                failedMessages[versionedHash],
                "CrossDomainMessenger: message cannot be replayed"
            );
        }

        require(
            _isUnsafeTarget(_target) == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: cannot send message to blocked system address"
        );

        require(
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] == false,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: message has already been relayed"
        );

        require(
            gasleft() >= _minGasLimit + RELAY_GAS_REQUIRED,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: insufficient gas to relay message"
        );

        xDomainMsgSender = _sender;
        bool success = SafeCall.call(_target, gasleft() - RELAY_GAS_BUFFER, _value, _message);
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;

        if (success == true) {
            successfulMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit RelayedMessage(versionedHash);
        } else {
            failedMessages[versionedHash] = true;
            emit FailedRelayedMessage(versionedHash);

            // Revert in this case if the transaction was triggered by the estimation address. This
            // should only be possible during gas estimation or we have bigger problems. Reverting
            // here will make the behavior of gas estimation change such that the gas limit
            // computed will be the amount required to relay the message, even if that amount is
            // greater than the minimum gas limit specified by the user.
            if (tx.origin == Constants.ESTIMATION_ADDRESS) {
                revert("CrossDomainMessenger: failed to relay message");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the address of the contract or wallet that initiated the currently
     *         executing message on the other chain. Will throw an error if there is no message
     *         currently being executed. Allows the recipient of a call to see who triggered it.
     *
     * @return Address of the sender of the currently executing message on the other chain.
     */
    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address) {
        require(
            xDomainMsgSender != Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER,
            "CrossDomainMessenger: xDomainMessageSender is not set"
        );

        return xDomainMsgSender;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the next message nonce. Message version will be added to the upper two
     *         bytes of the message nonce. Message version allows us to treat messages as having
     *         different structures.
     *
     * @return Nonce of the next message to be sent, with added message version.
     */
    function messageNonce() public view returns (uint256) {
        return Encoding.encodeVersionedNonce(msgNonce, MESSAGE_VERSION);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes the amount of gas required to guarantee that a given message will be
     *         received on the other chain without running out of gas. Guaranteeing that a message
     *         will not run out of gas is important because this ensures that a message can always
     *         be replayed on the other chain if it fails to execute completely.
     *
     * @param _message     Message to compute the amount of required gas for.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum desired gas limit when message goes to target.
     *
     * @return Amount of gas required to guarantee message receipt.
     */
    function baseGas(bytes calldata _message, uint32 _minGasLimit) public pure returns (uint64) {
        // We peform the following math on uint64s to avoid overflow errors. Multiplying the
        // by MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR would otherwise limit the _minGasLimit to
        // type(uint32).max / MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR ~= 4.2m.
        return
            // Dynamic overhead
            ((uint64(_minGasLimit) * MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_NUMERATOR) /
                MIN_GAS_DYNAMIC_OVERHEAD_DENOMINATOR) +
            // Calldata overhead
            (uint64(_message.length) * MIN_GAS_CALLDATA_OVERHEAD) +
            // Constant overhead
            MIN_GAS_CONSTANT_OVERHEAD;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Intializer.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __CrossDomainMessenger_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        xDomainMsgSender = Constants.DEFAULT_L2_SENDER;
        __Context_init_unchained();
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends a low-level message to the other messenger. Needs to be implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @param _to       Recipient of the message on the other chain.
     * @param _gasLimit Minimum gas limit the message can be executed with.
     * @param _value    Amount of ETH to send with the message.
     * @param _data     Message data.
     */
    function _sendMessage(
        address _to,
        uint64 _gasLimit,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether the message is coming from the other messenger. Implemented by child
     *         contracts because the logic for this depends on the network where the messenger is
     *         being deployed.
     *
     * @return Whether the message is coming from the other messenger.
     */
    function _isOtherMessenger() internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice Checks whether a given call target is a system address that could cause the
     *         messenger to peform an unsafe action. This is NOT a mechanism for blocking user
     *         addresses. This is ONLY used to prevent the execution of messages to specific
     *         system addresses that could cause security issues, e.g., having the
     *         CrossDomainMessenger send messages to itself.
     *
     * @param _target Address of the contract to check.
     *
     * @return Whether or not the address is an unsafe system address.
     */
    function _isUnsafeTarget(address _target) internal view virtual returns (bool);
}

File 43 of 91 : ERC721Bridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "./CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC721Bridge
 * @notice ERC721Bridge is a base contract for the L1 and L2 ERC721 bridges.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Bridge {
    /**
     * @notice Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    CrossDomainMessenger public immutable MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Address of the bridge on the other network.
     */
    address public immutable OTHER_BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC721 bridge to the other network is initiated.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param from        Address that initiated bridging action.
     * @param to          Address to receive the token.
     * @param tokenId     ID of the specific token deposited.
     * @param extraData   Extra data for use on the client-side.
     */
    event ERC721BridgeInitiated(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC721 bridge from the other network is finalized.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param from        Address that initiated bridging action.
     * @param to          Address to receive the token.
     * @param tokenId     ID of the specific token deposited.
     * @param extraData   Extra data for use on the client-side.
     */
    event ERC721BridgeFinalized(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Ensures that the caller is a cross-chain message from the other bridge.
     */
    modifier onlyOtherBridge() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(MESSENGER) && MESSENGER.xDomainMessageSender() == OTHER_BRIDGE,
            "ERC721Bridge: function can only be called from the other bridge"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _messenger   Address of the CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on the other network.
     */
    constructor(address _messenger, address _otherBridge) {
        require(_messenger != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: messenger cannot be address(0)");
        require(_otherBridge != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: other bridge cannot be address(0)");

        MESSENGER = CrossDomainMessenger(_messenger);
        OTHER_BRIDGE = _otherBridge;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for messenger contract.
     *
     * @return Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    function messenger() external view returns (CrossDomainMessenger) {
        return MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for other bridge address.
     *
     * @return Address of the bridge on the other network.
     */
    function otherBridge() external view returns (address) {
        return OTHER_BRIDGE;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of an NFT to the caller's account on the other chain. Note that
     *         this function can only be called by EOAs. Smart contract wallets should use the
     *         `bridgeERC721To` function after ensuring that the recipient address on the remote
     *         chain exists. Also note that the current owner of the token on this chain must
     *         approve this contract to operate the NFT before it can be bridged.
     *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
     *         bridge only supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
     *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
     *         can be refunded on L2.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other chain. Data supplied here will not
     *                     be used to execute any code on the other chain and is only emitted as
     *                     extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function bridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external {
        // Modifier requiring sender to be EOA. This prevents against a user error that would occur
        // if the sender is a smart contract wallet that has a different address on the remote chain
        // (or doesn't have an address on the remote chain at all). The user would fail to receive
        // the NFT if they use this function because it sends the NFT to the same address as the
        // caller. This check could be bypassed by a malicious contract via initcode, but it takes
        // care of the user error we want to avoid.
        require(!Address.isContract(msg.sender), "ERC721Bridge: account is not externally owned");

        _initiateBridgeERC721(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _tokenId,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of an NFT to some recipient's account on the other chain. Note
     *         that the current owner of the token on this chain must approve this contract to
     *         operate the NFT before it can be bridged.
     *         **WARNING**: Do not bridge an ERC721 that was originally deployed on Optimism. This
     *         bridge only supports ERC721s originally deployed on Ethereum. Users will need to
     *         wait for the one-week challenge period to elapse before their Optimism-native NFT
     *         can be refunded on L2.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on the other domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other chain. Data supplied here will not
     *                     be used to execute any code on the other chain and is only emitted as
     *                     extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function bridgeERC721To(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external {
        require(_to != address(0), "ERC721Bridge: nft recipient cannot be address(0)");

        _initiateBridgeERC721(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _tokenId,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Internal function for initiating a token bridge to the other domain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC721 on this domain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the ERC721 on the remote domain.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender on this domain.
     * @param _to          Address to receive the token on the other domain.
     * @param _tokenId     Token ID to bridge.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum gas limit for the bridge message on the other domain.
     * @param _extraData   Optional data to forward to the other domain. Data supplied here will
     *                     not be used to execute any code on the other domain and is only emitted
     *                     as extra data for the convenience of off-chain tooling.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC721(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal virtual;
}

File 44 of 91 : FeeVault.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { L2StandardBridge } from "../L2/L2StandardBridge.sol";
import { Predeploys } from "../libraries/Predeploys.sol";

/**
 * @title FeeVault
 * @notice The FeeVault contract contains the basic logic for the various different vault contracts
 *         used to hold fee revenue generated by the L2 system.
 */
abstract contract FeeVault {
    /**
     * @notice Emits each time that a withdrawal occurs.
     *
     * @param value Amount that was withdrawn (in wei).
     * @param to    Address that the funds were sent to.
     * @param from  Address that triggered the withdrawal.
     */
    event Withdrawal(uint256 value, address to, address from);

    /**
     * @notice Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    uint256 public immutable MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT;

    /**
     * @notice Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     */
    address public immutable RECIPIENT;

    /**
     * @notice Total amount of wei processed by the contract.
     */
    uint256 public totalProcessed;

    /**
     * @param _recipient           Wallet that will receive the fees on L1.
     * @param _minWithdrawalAmount Minimum balance before a withdrawal can be triggered.
     */
    constructor(address _recipient, uint256 _minWithdrawalAmount) {
        MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT = _minWithdrawalAmount;
        RECIPIENT = _recipient;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allow the contract to receive ETH.
     */
    receive() external payable {}

    /**
     * @notice Triggers a withdrawal of funds to the L1 fee wallet.
     */
    function withdraw() external {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= MIN_WITHDRAWAL_AMOUNT,
            "FeeVault: withdrawal amount must be greater than minimum withdrawal amount"
        );

        uint256 value = address(this).balance;
        totalProcessed += value;

        emit Withdrawal(value, RECIPIENT, msg.sender);

        L2StandardBridge(payable(Predeploys.L2_STANDARD_BRIDGE)).bridgeETHTo{ value: value }(
            RECIPIENT,
            20000,
            bytes("")
        );
    }
}

File 45 of 91 : IOptimismMintableERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IOptimismMintableERC20
 * @notice This interface is available on the OptimismMintableERC20 contract. We declare it as a
 *         separate interface so that it can be used in custom implementations of
 *         OptimismMintableERC20.
 */
interface IOptimismMintableERC20 {
    function remoteToken() external returns (address);

    function bridge() external returns (address);

    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount) external;
}

/**
 * @custom:legacy
 * @title ILegacyMintableERC20
 * @notice This interface was available on the legacy L2StandardERC20 contract. It remains available
 *         on the OptimismMintableERC20 contract for backwards compatibility.
 */
interface ILegacyMintableERC20 is IERC165 {
    function l1Token() external returns (address);

    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _from, uint256 _amount) external;
}

File 46 of 91 : IOptimismMintableERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {
    IERC721Enumerable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @title IOptimismMintableERC721
 * @notice Interface for contracts that are compatible with the OptimismMintableERC721 standard.
 *         Tokens that follow this standard can be easily transferred across the ERC721 bridge.
 */
interface IOptimismMintableERC721 is IERC721Enumerable {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a token is minted.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account the token was minted to.
     * @param tokenId Token ID of the minted token.
     */
    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a token is burned.
     *
     * @param account Address of the account the token was burned from.
     * @param tokenId Token ID of the burned token.
     */
    event Burn(address indexed account, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @notice Mints some token ID for a user, checking first that contract recipients
     *         are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * @param _to      Address of the user to mint the token for.
     * @param _tokenId Token ID to mint.
     */
    function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @notice Burns a token ID from a user.
     *
     * @param _from    Address of the user to burn the token from.
     * @param _tokenId Token ID to burn.
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID of the chain where the remote token is deployed.
     */
    function REMOTE_CHAIN_ID() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the token on the remote domain.
     */
    function REMOTE_TOKEN() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    function BRIDGE() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID of the chain where the remote token is deployed.
     */
    function remoteChainId() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the token on the remote domain.
     */
    function remoteToken() external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    function bridge() external view returns (address);
}

File 47 of 91 : OptimismMintableERC20Factory.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/* Contract Imports */
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "../universal/OptimismMintableERC20.sol";
import { Semver } from "./Semver.sol";

/**
 * @custom:proxied
 * @custom:predeployed 0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000012
 * @title OptimismMintableERC20Factory
 * @notice OptimismMintableERC20Factory is a factory contract that generates OptimismMintableERC20
 *         contracts on the network it's deployed to. Simplifies the deployment process for users
 *         who may be less familiar with deploying smart contracts. Designed to be backwards
 *         compatible with the older StandardL2ERC20Factory contract.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC20Factory is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the StandardBridge on this chain.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC20 is created. Legacy version of the newer
     *         OptimismMintableERC20Created event. We recommend relying on that event instead.
     *
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param localToken  Address of the created token on the local chain.
     */
    event StandardL2TokenCreated(address indexed remoteToken, address indexed localToken);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC20 is created.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the created token on the local chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param deployer    Address of the account that deployed the token.
     */
    event OptimismMintableERC20Created(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address deployer
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _bridge Address of the StandardBridge on this chain.
     */
    constructor(address _bridge) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Creates an instance of the OptimismMintableERC20 contract. Legacy version of the
     *         newer createOptimismMintableERC20 function, which has a more intuitive name.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     *
     * @return Address of the newly created token.
     */
    function createStandardL2Token(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) external returns (address) {
        return createOptimismMintableERC20(_remoteToken, _name, _symbol);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Creates an instance of the OptimismMintableERC20 contract.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the token on the remote chain.
     * @param _name        ERC20 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC20 symbol.
     *
     * @return Address of the newly created token.
     */
    function createOptimismMintableERC20(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) public returns (address) {
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC20Factory: must provide remote token address"
        );

        address localToken = address(
            new OptimismMintableERC20(BRIDGE, _remoteToken, _name, _symbol)
        );

        // Emit the old event too for legacy support.
        emit StandardL2TokenCreated(_remoteToken, localToken);

        // Emit the updated event. The arguments here differ from the legacy event, but
        // are consistent with the ordering used in StandardBridge events.
        emit OptimismMintableERC20Created(localToken, _remoteToken, msg.sender);

        return localToken;
    }
}

File 48 of 91 : OptimismMintableERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {
    ERC721Enumerable
} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import { ERC721 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";
import { Strings } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC721 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title OptimismMintableERC721
 * @notice This contract is the remote representation for some token that lives on another network,
 *         typically an Optimism representation of an Ethereum-based token. Standard reference
 *         implementation that can be extended or modified according to your needs.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC721 is ERC721Enumerable, IOptimismMintableERC721 {
    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    uint256 public immutable REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    address public immutable REMOTE_TOKEN;

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Base token URI for this token.
     */
    string public baseTokenURI;

    /**
     * @notice Modifier that prevents callers other than the bridge from calling the function.
     */
    modifier onlyBridge() {
        require(msg.sender == BRIDGE, "OptimismMintableERC721: only bridge can call this function");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _bridge        Address of the bridge on this network.
     * @param _remoteChainId Chain ID where the remote token is deployed.
     * @param _remoteToken   Address of the corresponding token on the other network.
     * @param _name          ERC721 name.
     * @param _symbol        ERC721 symbol.
     */
    constructor(
        address _bridge,
        uint256 _remoteChainId,
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) {
        require(_bridge != address(0), "OptimismMintableERC721: bridge cannot be address(0)");
        require(_remoteChainId != 0, "OptimismMintableERC721: remote chain id cannot be zero");
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC721: remote token cannot be address(0)"
        );

        REMOTE_CHAIN_ID = _remoteChainId;
        REMOTE_TOKEN = _remoteToken;
        BRIDGE = _bridge;

        // Creates a base URI in the format specified by EIP-681:
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-681
        baseTokenURI = string(
            abi.encodePacked(
                "ethereum:",
                Strings.toHexString(uint160(_remoteToken), 20),
                "@",
                Strings.toString(_remoteChainId),
                "/tokenURI?uint256="
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function remoteChainId() external view returns (uint256) {
        return REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function remoteToken() external view returns (address) {
        return REMOTE_TOKEN;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function bridge() external view returns (address) {
        return BRIDGE;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function safeMint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external virtual onlyBridge {
        _safeMint(_to, _tokenId);

        emit Mint(_to, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IOptimismMintableERC721
     */
    function burn(address _from, uint256 _tokenId) external virtual onlyBridge {
        _burn(_tokenId);

        emit Burn(_from, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given interface ID is supported by this contract.
     *
     * @param _interfaceId The interface ID to check.
     *
     * @return True if the interface ID is supported, false otherwise.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721Enumerable, IERC165)
        returns (bool)
    {
        bytes4 iface1 = type(IERC165).interfaceId;
        bytes4 iface2 = type(IOptimismMintableERC721).interfaceId;
        return
            _interfaceId == iface1 ||
            _interfaceId == iface2 ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the base token URI.
     *
     * @return Base token URI.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return baseTokenURI;
    }
}

File 49 of 91 : OptimismMintableERC721Factory.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { OptimismMintableERC721 } from "./OptimismMintableERC721.sol";
import { Semver } from "./Semver.sol";

/**
 * @title OptimismMintableERC721Factory
 * @notice Factory contract for creating OptimismMintableERC721 contracts.
 */
contract OptimismMintableERC721Factory is Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     */
    address public immutable BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @notice Chain ID for the remote network.
     */
    uint256 public immutable REMOTE_CHAIN_ID;

    /**
     * @notice Tracks addresses created by this factory.
     */
    mapping(address => bool) public isOptimismMintableERC721;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted whenever a new OptimismMintableERC721 contract is created.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the token on the this domain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the token on the remote domain.
     * @param deployer    Address of the initiator of the deployment
     */
    event OptimismMintableERC721Created(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address deployer
    );

    /**
     * @custom:semver 1.0.0
     *
     * @param _bridge Address of the ERC721 bridge on this network.
     * @param _remoteChainId Chain ID for the remote network.
     */
    constructor(address _bridge, uint256 _remoteChainId) Semver(1, 0, 0) {
        BRIDGE = _bridge;
        REMOTE_CHAIN_ID = _remoteChainId;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Creates an instance of the standard ERC721.
     *
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the other domain.
     * @param _name        ERC721 name.
     * @param _symbol      ERC721 symbol.
     */
    function createOptimismMintableERC721(
        address _remoteToken,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) external returns (address) {
        require(
            _remoteToken != address(0),
            "OptimismMintableERC721Factory: L1 token address cannot be address(0)"
        );

        address localToken = address(
            new OptimismMintableERC721(BRIDGE, REMOTE_CHAIN_ID, _remoteToken, _name, _symbol)
        );

        isOptimismMintableERC721[localToken] = true;
        emit OptimismMintableERC721Created(localToken, _remoteToken, msg.sender);

        return localToken;
    }
}

File 50 of 91 : Proxy.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

/**
 * @title Proxy
 * @notice Proxy is a transparent proxy that passes through the call if the caller is the owner or
 *         if the caller is address(0), meaning that the call originated from an off-chain
 *         simulation.
 */
contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @notice The storage slot that holds the address of the implementation.
     *         bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant IMPLEMENTATION_KEY =
        0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @notice The storage slot that holds the address of the owner.
     *         bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.admin')) - 1)
     */
    bytes32 internal constant OWNER_KEY =
        0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @notice An event that is emitted each time the implementation is changed. This event is part
     *         of the EIP-1967 specification.
     *
     * @param implementation The address of the implementation contract
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @notice An event that is emitted each time the owner is upgraded. This event is part of the
     *         EIP-1967 specification.
     *
     * @param previousAdmin The previous owner of the contract
     * @param newAdmin      The new owner of the contract
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @notice A modifier that reverts if not called by the owner or by address(0) to allow
     *         eth_call to interact with this proxy without needing to use low-level storage
     *         inspection. We assume that nobody is able to trigger calls from address(0) during
     *         normal EVM execution.
     */
    modifier proxyCallIfNotAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin() || msg.sender == address(0)) {
            _;
        } else {
            // This WILL halt the call frame on completion.
            _doProxyCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the initial admin during contract deployment. Admin address is stored at the
     *         EIP-1967 admin storage slot so that accidental storage collision with the
     *         implementation is not possible.
     *
     * @param _admin Address of the initial contract admin. Admin as the ability to access the
     *               transparent proxy interface.
     */
    constructor(address _admin) {
        _changeAdmin(_admin);
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    receive() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line locked-ether
    fallback() external payable {
        // Proxy call by default.
        _doProxyCall();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the implementation contract address. The code at the given address will execute
     *         when this contract is called.
     *
     * @param _implementation Address of the implementation contract.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address _implementation) external proxyCallIfNotAdmin {
        _setImplementation(_implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the implementation and call a function in a single transaction. Useful to ensure
     *         atomic execution of initialization-based upgrades.
     *
     * @param _implementation Address of the implementation contract.
     * @param _data           Calldata to delegatecall the new implementation with.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address _implementation, bytes calldata _data)
        external
        payable
        proxyCallIfNotAdmin
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        _setImplementation(_implementation);
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = _implementation.delegatecall(_data);
        require(success, "Proxy: delegatecall to new implementation contract failed");
        return returndata;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract. Only callable by the owner.
     *
     * @param _admin New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function changeAdmin(address _admin) external proxyCallIfNotAdmin {
        _changeAdmin(_admin);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function admin() external proxyCallIfNotAdmin returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function implementation() external proxyCallIfNotAdmin returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation address.
     *
     * @param _implementation New implementation address.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address _implementation) internal {
        assembly {
            sstore(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY, _implementation)
        }
        emit Upgraded(_implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @param _admin New owner of the proxy contract.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address _admin) internal {
        address previous = _getAdmin();
        assembly {
            sstore(OWNER_KEY, _admin)
        }
        emit AdminChanged(previous, _admin);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Performs the proxy call via a delegatecall.
     */
    function _doProxyCall() internal {
        address impl = _getImplementation();
        require(impl != address(0), "Proxy: implementation not initialized");

        assembly {
            // Copy calldata into memory at 0x0....calldatasize.
            calldatacopy(0x0, 0x0, calldatasize())

            // Perform the delegatecall, make sure to pass all available gas.
            let success := delegatecall(gas(), impl, 0x0, calldatasize(), 0x0, 0x0)

            // Copy returndata into memory at 0x0....returndatasize. Note that this *will*
            // overwrite the calldata that we just copied into memory but that doesn't really
            // matter because we'll be returning in a second anyway.
            returndatacopy(0x0, 0x0, returndatasize())

            // Success == 0 means a revert. We'll revert too and pass the data up.
            if iszero(success) {
                revert(0x0, returndatasize())
            }

            // Otherwise we'll just return and pass the data up.
            return(0x0, returndatasize())
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the implementation address.
     *
     * @return Implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        address impl;
        assembly {
            impl := sload(IMPLEMENTATION_KEY)
        }
        return impl;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Queries the owner of the proxy contract.
     *
     * @return Owner address.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        address owner;
        assembly {
            owner := sload(OWNER_KEY)
        }
        return owner;
    }
}

File 51 of 91 : ProxyAdmin.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import { Proxy } from "./Proxy.sol";
import { AddressManager } from "../legacy/AddressManager.sol";
import { L1ChugSplashProxy } from "../legacy/L1ChugSplashProxy.sol";

/**
 * @title IStaticERC1967Proxy
 * @notice IStaticERC1967Proxy is a static version of the ERC1967 proxy interface.
 */
interface IStaticERC1967Proxy {
    function implementation() external view returns (address);

    function admin() external view returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy
 * @notice IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy is a static version of the ChugSplash proxy interface.
 */
interface IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy {
    function getImplementation() external view returns (address);

    function getOwner() external view returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title ProxyAdmin
 * @notice This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of an ERC1967 Proxy,
 *         based on the OpenZeppelin implementation. It has backwards compatibility logic to work
 *         with the various types of proxies that have been deployed by Optimism in the past.
 */
contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
    /**
     * @notice The proxy types that the ProxyAdmin can manage.
     *
     * @custom:value ERC1967    Represents an ERC1967 compliant transparent proxy interface.
     * @custom:value CHUGSPLASH Represents the Chugsplash proxy interface (legacy).
     * @custom:value RESOLVED   Represents the ResolvedDelegate proxy (legacy).
     */
    enum ProxyType {
        ERC1967,
        CHUGSPLASH,
        RESOLVED
    }

    /**
     * @notice A mapping of proxy types, used for backwards compatibility.
     */
    mapping(address => ProxyType) public proxyType;

    /**
     * @notice A reverse mapping of addresses to names held in the AddressManager. This must be
     *         manually kept up to date with changes in the AddressManager for this contract
     *         to be able to work as an admin for the ResolvedDelegateProxy type.
     */
    mapping(address => string) public implementationName;

    /**
     * @notice The address of the address manager, this is required to manage the
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type.
     */
    AddressManager public addressManager;

    /**
     * @notice A legacy upgrading indicator used by the old Chugsplash Proxy.
     */
    bool internal upgrading;

    /**
     * @param _owner Address of the initial owner of this contract.
     */
    constructor(address _owner) Ownable() {
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the proxy type for a given address. Only required for non-standard (legacy)
     *         proxy types.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the proxy.
     * @param _type    Type of the proxy.
     */
    function setProxyType(address _address, ProxyType _type) external onlyOwner {
        proxyType[_address] = _type;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the implementation name for a given address. Only required for
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type proxies that have an implementation name.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the ResolvedDelegateProxy.
     * @param _name    Name of the implementation for the proxy.
     */
    function setImplementationName(address _address, string memory _name) external onlyOwner {
        implementationName[_address] = _name;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the address of the AddressManager. This is required to manage legacy
     *         ResolvedDelegateProxy type proxy contracts.
     *
     * @param _address Address of the AddressManager.
     */
    function setAddressManager(AddressManager _address) external onlyOwner {
        addressManager = _address;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Set an address in the address manager. Since only the owner of the AddressManager
     *         can directly modify addresses and the ProxyAdmin will own the AddressManager, this
     *         gives the owner of the ProxyAdmin the ability to modify addresses directly.
     *
     * @param _name    Name to set within the AddressManager.
     * @param _address Address to attach to the given name.
     */
    function setAddress(string memory _name, address _address) external onlyOwner {
        addressManager.setAddress(_name, _address);
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Set the upgrading status for the Chugsplash proxy type.
     *
     * @param _upgrading Whether or not the system is upgrading.
     */
    function setUpgrading(bool _upgrading) external onlyOwner {
        upgrading = _upgrading;
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy function used to tell ChugSplashProxy contracts if an upgrade is happening.
     *
     * @return Whether or not there is an upgrade going on. May not actually tell you whether an
     *         upgrade is going on, since we don't currently plan to use this variable for anything
     *         other than a legacy indicator to fix a UX bug in the ChugSplash proxy.
     */
    function isUpgrading() external view returns (bool) {
        return upgrading;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the implementation of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy Address of the proxy to get the implementation of.
     *
     * @return Address of the implementation of the proxy.
     */
    function getProxyImplementation(address _proxy) external view returns (address) {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            return IStaticERC1967Proxy(_proxy).implementation();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            return IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).getImplementation();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            return addressManager.getAddress(implementationName[_proxy]);
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the admin of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy Address of the proxy to get the admin of.
     *
     * @return Address of the admin of the proxy.
     */
    function getProxyAdmin(address payable _proxy) external view returns (address) {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            return IStaticERC1967Proxy(_proxy).admin();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            return IStaticL1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).getOwner();
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            return addressManager.owner();
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the admin of the given proxy address.
     *
     * @param _proxy    Address of the proxy to update.
     * @param _newAdmin Address of the new proxy admin.
     */
    function changeProxyAdmin(address payable _proxy, address _newAdmin) external onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).changeAdmin(_newAdmin);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            L1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).setOwner(_newAdmin);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            addressManager.transferOwnership(_newAdmin);
        } else {
            revert("ProxyAdmin: unknown proxy type");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes a proxy's implementation contract.
     *
     * @param _proxy          Address of the proxy to upgrade.
     * @param _implementation Address of the new implementation address.
     */
    function upgrade(address payable _proxy, address _implementation) public onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).upgradeTo(_implementation);
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.CHUGSPLASH) {
            L1ChugSplashProxy(_proxy).setStorage(
                // bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.implementation')) - 1)
                0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc,
                bytes32(uint256(uint160(_implementation)))
            );
        } else if (ptype == ProxyType.RESOLVED) {
            string memory name = implementationName[_proxy];
            addressManager.setAddress(name, _implementation);
        } else {
            // It should not be possible to retrieve a ProxyType value which is not matched by
            // one of the previous conditions.
            assert(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Changes a proxy's implementation contract and delegatecalls the new implementation
     *         with some given data. Useful for atomic upgrade-and-initialize calls.
     *
     * @param _proxy          Address of the proxy to upgrade.
     * @param _implementation Address of the new implementation address.
     * @param _data           Data to trigger the new implementation with.
     */
    function upgradeAndCall(
        address payable _proxy,
        address _implementation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external payable onlyOwner {
        ProxyType ptype = proxyType[_proxy];
        if (ptype == ProxyType.ERC1967) {
            Proxy(_proxy).upgradeToAndCall{ value: msg.value }(_implementation, _data);
        } else {
            // reverts if proxy type is unknown
            upgrade(_proxy, _implementation);
            (bool success, ) = _proxy.call{ value: msg.value }(_data);
            require(success, "ProxyAdmin: call to proxy after upgrade failed");
        }
    }
}

File 52 of 91 : Semver.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { Strings } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

/**
 * @title Semver
 * @notice Semver is a simple contract for managing contract versions.
 */
contract Semver {
    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (major).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MAJOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (minor).
     */
    uint256 private immutable MINOR_VERSION;

    /**
     * @notice Contract version number (patch).
     */
    uint256 private immutable PATCH_VERSION;

    /**
     * @param _major Version number (major).
     * @param _minor Version number (minor).
     * @param _patch Version number (patch).
     */
    constructor(
        uint256 _major,
        uint256 _minor,
        uint256 _patch
    ) {
        MAJOR_VERSION = _major;
        MINOR_VERSION = _minor;
        PATCH_VERSION = _patch;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the full semver contract version.
     *
     * @return Semver contract version as a string.
     */
    function version() public view returns (string memory) {
        return
            string(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    Strings.toString(MAJOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(MINOR_VERSION),
                    ".",
                    Strings.toString(PATCH_VERSION)
                )
            );
    }
}

File 53 of 91 : StandardBridge.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.15;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { ERC165Checker } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../libraries/SafeCall.sol";
import { IOptimismMintableERC20, ILegacyMintableERC20 } from "./IOptimismMintableERC20.sol";
import { CrossDomainMessenger } from "./CrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import { OptimismMintableERC20 } from "./OptimismMintableERC20.sol";

/**
 * @custom:upgradeable
 * @title StandardBridge
 * @notice StandardBridge is a base contract for the L1 and L2 standard ERC20 bridges. It handles
 *         the core bridging logic, including escrowing tokens that are native to the local chain
 *         and minting/burning tokens that are native to the remote chain.
 */
abstract contract StandardBridge {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /**
     * @notice The L2 gas limit set when eth is depoisited using the receive() function.
     */
    uint32 internal constant RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT = 200_000;

    /**
     * @notice Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    CrossDomainMessenger public immutable MESSENGER;

    /**
     * @notice Corresponding bridge on the other domain.
     */
    StandardBridge public immutable OTHER_BRIDGE;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer messenger
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_0_0_20;

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @custom:spacer l2TokenBridge
     * @notice Spacer for backwards compatibility.
     */
    address private spacer_1_0_20;

    /**
     * @notice Mapping that stores deposits for a given pair of local and remote tokens.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public deposits;

    /**
     * @notice Reserve extra slots (to a total of 50) in the storage layout for future upgrades.
     *         A gap size of 47 was chosen here, so that the first slot used in a child contract
     *         would be a multiple of 50.
     */
    uint256[47] private __gap;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeInitiated(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ETH bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param from      Address of the sender.
     * @param to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount    Amount of ETH sent.
     * @param extraData Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ETHBridgeFinalized(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is initiated to the other chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeInitiated(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an ERC20 bridge is finalized on this chain.
     *
     * @param localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param remoteToken Address of the ERC20 on the remote chain.
     * @param from        Address of the sender.
     * @param to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param amount      Amount of the ERC20 sent.
     * @param extraData   Extra data sent with the transaction.
     */
    event ERC20BridgeFinalized(
        address indexed localToken,
        address indexed remoteToken,
        address indexed from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Only allow EOAs to call the functions. Note that this is not safe against contracts
     *         calling code within their constructors, but also doesn't really matter since we're
     *         just trying to prevent users accidentally depositing with smart contract wallets.
     */
    modifier onlyEOA() {
        require(
            !Address.isContract(msg.sender),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from an EOA"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Ensures that the caller is a cross-chain message from the other bridge.
     */
    modifier onlyOtherBridge() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(MESSENGER) &&
                MESSENGER.xDomainMessageSender() == address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            "StandardBridge: function can only be called from the other bridge"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _messenger   Address of CrossDomainMessenger on this network.
     * @param _otherBridge Address of the other StandardBridge contract.
     */
    constructor(address payable _messenger, address payable _otherBridge) {
        MESSENGER = CrossDomainMessenger(_messenger);
        OTHER_BRIDGE = StandardBridge(_otherBridge);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows EOAs to deposit ETH by sending directly to the bridge.
     */
    receive() external payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, msg.sender, msg.value, RECEIVE_DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT, bytes(""));
    }

    /**
     * @custom:legacy
     * @notice Legacy getter for messenger contract.
     *
     * @return Messenger contract on this domain.
     */
    function messenger() external view returns (CrossDomainMessenger) {
        return MESSENGER;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to the sender's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETH(uint32 _minGasLimit, bytes calldata _extraData) public payable onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, msg.sender, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ETH to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if ETH is sent to a
     *         smart contract and the call fails, the ETH will be temporarily locked in the
     *         StandardBridge on the other chain until the call is replayed. If the call cannot be
     *         replayed with any amount of gas (call always reverts), then the ETH will be
     *         permanently locked in the StandardBridge on the other chain. ETH will also
     *         be locked if the receiver is the other bridge, because finalizeBridgeETH will revert
     *         in that case.
     *
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeETHTo(
        address _to,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable {
        _initiateBridgeETH(msg.sender, _to, msg.value, _minGasLimit, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to the sender's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public virtual onlyEOA {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            msg.sender,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain. Note that if the
     *         ERC20 token on the other chain does not recognize the local token as the correct
     *         pair token, the ERC20 bridge will fail and the tokens will be returned to sender on
     *         this chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function bridgeERC20To(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public virtual {
        _initiateBridgeERC20(
            _localToken,
            _remoteToken,
            msg.sender,
            _to,
            _amount,
            _minGasLimit,
            _extraData
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ETH bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _from      Address of the sender.
     * @param _to        Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount    Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _extraData Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                   not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                   to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public payable onlyOtherBridge {
        require(msg.value == _amount, "StandardBridge: amount sent does not match amount required");
        require(_to != address(this), "StandardBridge: cannot send to self");
        require(_to != address(MESSENGER), "StandardBridge: cannot send to messenger");

        emit ETHBridgeFinalized(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        bool success = SafeCall.call(_to, gasleft(), _amount, hex"");
        require(success, "StandardBridge: ETH transfer failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Finalizes an ERC20 bridge on this chain. Can only be triggered by the other
     *         StandardBridge contract on the remote chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of the ERC20 being bridged.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function finalizeBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) public onlyOtherBridge {
        if (_isOptimismMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            OptimismMintableERC20(_localToken).mint(_to, _amount);
        } else {
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] - _amount;
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransfer(_to, _amount);
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeFinalized(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initiates a bridge of ETH through the CrossDomainMessenger.
     *
     * @param _from        Address of the sender.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of ETH being bridged.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeETH(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes memory _extraData
    ) internal {
        require(
            msg.value == _amount,
            "StandardBridge: bridging ETH must include sufficient ETH value"
        );

        emit ETHBridgeInitiated(_from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage{ value: _amount }(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeETH.selector,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sends ERC20 tokens to a receiver's address on the other chain.
     *
     * @param _localToken  Address of the ERC20 on this chain.
     * @param _remoteToken Address of the corresponding token on the remote chain.
     * @param _to          Address of the receiver.
     * @param _amount      Amount of local tokens to deposit.
     * @param _minGasLimit Minimum amount of gas that the bridge can be relayed with.
     * @param _extraData   Extra data to be sent with the transaction. Note that the recipient will
     *                     not be triggered with this data, but it will be emitted and can be used
     *                     to identify the transaction.
     */
    function _initiateBridgeERC20(
        address _localToken,
        address _remoteToken,
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) internal {
        if (_isOptimismMintableERC20(_localToken)) {
            require(
                _isCorrectTokenPair(_localToken, _remoteToken),
                "StandardBridge: wrong remote token for Optimism Mintable ERC20 local token"
            );

            OptimismMintableERC20(_localToken).burn(_from, _amount);
        } else {
            IERC20(_localToken).safeTransferFrom(_from, address(this), _amount);
            deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] = deposits[_localToken][_remoteToken] + _amount;
        }

        emit ERC20BridgeInitiated(_localToken, _remoteToken, _from, _to, _amount, _extraData);

        MESSENGER.sendMessage(
            address(OTHER_BRIDGE),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                this.finalizeBridgeERC20.selector,
                // Because this call will be executed on the remote chain, we reverse the order of
                // the remote and local token addresses relative to their order in the
                // finalizeBridgeERC20 function.
                _remoteToken,
                _localToken,
                _from,
                _to,
                _amount,
                _extraData
            ),
            _minGasLimit
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if a given address is an OptimismMintableERC20. Not perfect, but good enough.
     *         Just the way we like it.
     *
     * @param _token Address of the token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the token is an OptimismMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isOptimismMintableERC20(address _token) internal view returns (bool) {
        return
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_token, type(ILegacyMintableERC20).interfaceId) ||
            ERC165Checker.supportsInterface(_token, type(IOptimismMintableERC20).interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Checks if the "other token" is the correct pair token for the OptimismMintableERC20.
     *
     * @param _mintableToken OptimismMintableERC20 to check against.
     * @param _otherToken    Pair token to check.
     *
     * @return True if the other token is the correct pair token for the OptimismMintableERC20.
     */
    function _isCorrectTokenPair(address _mintableToken, address _otherToken)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return _otherToken == OptimismMintableERC20(_mintableToken).l1Token();
    }
}

File 54 of 91 : AddressAliasHelper.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

/*
 * Copyright 2019-2021, Offchain Labs, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library AddressAliasHelper {
    uint160 constant offset = uint160(0x1111000000000000000000000000000000001111);

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the address in the L1 that submitted a tx to
    /// the inbox to the msg.sender viewed in the L2
    /// @param l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    /// @return l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    function applyL1ToL2Alias(address l1Address) internal pure returns (address l2Address) {
        unchecked {
            l2Address = address(uint160(l1Address) + offset);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Utility function that converts the msg.sender viewed in the L2 to the
    /// address in the L1 that submitted a tx to the inbox
    /// @param l2Address L2 address as viewed in msg.sender
    /// @return l1Address the address in the L1 that triggered the tx to L2
    function undoL1ToL2Alias(address l2Address) internal pure returns (address l1Address) {
        unchecked {
            l1Address = address(uint160(l2Address) - offset);
        }
    }
}

File 55 of 91 : Ownable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

File 56 of 91 : IVotes.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (governance/utils/IVotes.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Common interface for {ERC20Votes}, {ERC721Votes}, and other {Votes}-enabled contracts.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
interface IVotes {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when an account changes their delegate.
     */
    event DelegateChanged(address indexed delegator, address indexed fromDelegate, address indexed toDelegate);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a token transfer or delegate change results in changes to a delegate's number of votes.
     */
    event DelegateVotesChanged(address indexed delegate, uint256 previousBalance, uint256 newBalance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current amount of votes that `account` has.
     */
    function getVotes(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of votes that `account` had at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
     */
    function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total supply of votes available at the end of a past block (`blockNumber`).
     *
     * NOTE: This value is the sum of all available votes, which is not necessarily the sum of all delegated votes.
     * Votes that have not been delegated are still part of total supply, even though they would not participate in a
     * vote.
     */
    function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the delegate that `account` has chosen.
     */
    function delegates(address account) external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegate(address delegatee) external;

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegateBySig(
        address delegatee,
        uint256 nonce,
        uint256 expiry,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;
}

File 57 of 91 : Initializable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts. Equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!Address.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * `initializer` is equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`, so a reinitializer may be used after the original
     * initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that are added through upgrades and that require
     * initialization.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
}

File 58 of 91 : ERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overridden;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
        }
        _balances[to] += amount;

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        }
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {}
}

File 59 of 91 : IERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

File 60 of 91 : ERC20Burnable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to destroy both their own
 * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
 * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
 */
abstract contract ERC20Burnable is Context, ERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn}.
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, deducting from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``accounts``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        _spendAllowance(account, _msgSender(), amount);
        _burn(account, amount);
    }
}

File 61 of 91 : ERC20Votes.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Votes.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./draft-ERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/math/Math.sol";
import "../../../governance/utils/IVotes.sol";
import "../../../utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of ERC20 to support Compound-like voting and delegation. This version is more generic than Compound's,
 * and supports token supply up to 2^224^ - 1, while COMP is limited to 2^96^ - 1.
 *
 * NOTE: If exact COMP compatibility is required, use the {ERC20VotesComp} variant of this module.
 *
 * This extension keeps a history (checkpoints) of each account's vote power. Vote power can be delegated either
 * by calling the {delegate} function directly, or by providing a signature to be used with {delegateBySig}. Voting
 * power can be queried through the public accessors {getVotes} and {getPastVotes}.
 *
 * By default, token balance does not account for voting power. This makes transfers cheaper. The downside is that it
 * requires users to delegate to themselves in order to activate checkpoints and have their voting power tracked.
 *
 * _Available since v4.2._
 */
abstract contract ERC20Votes is IVotes, ERC20Permit {
    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 fromBlock;
        uint224 votes;
    }

    bytes32 private constant _DELEGATION_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Delegation(address delegatee,uint256 nonce,uint256 expiry)");

    mapping(address => address) private _delegates;
    mapping(address => Checkpoint[]) private _checkpoints;
    Checkpoint[] private _totalSupplyCheckpoints;

    /**
     * @dev Get the `pos`-th checkpoint for `account`.
     */
    function checkpoints(address account, uint32 pos) public view virtual returns (Checkpoint memory) {
        return _checkpoints[account][pos];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Get number of checkpoints for `account`.
     */
    function numCheckpoints(address account) public view virtual returns (uint32) {
        return SafeCast.toUint32(_checkpoints[account].length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Get the address `account` is currently delegating to.
     */
    function delegates(address account) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return _delegates[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Gets the current votes balance for `account`
     */
    function getVotes(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        uint256 pos = _checkpoints[account].length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _checkpoints[account][pos - 1].votes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Retrieve the number of votes for `account` at the end of `blockNumber`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
     */
    function getPastVotes(address account, uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
        return _checkpointsLookup(_checkpoints[account], blockNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Retrieve the `totalSupply` at the end of `blockNumber`. Note, this value is the sum of all balances.
     * It is but NOT the sum of all the delegated votes!
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `blockNumber` must have been already mined
     */
    function getPastTotalSupply(uint256 blockNumber) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "ERC20Votes: block not yet mined");
        return _checkpointsLookup(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, blockNumber);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Lookup a value in a list of (sorted) checkpoints.
     */
    function _checkpointsLookup(Checkpoint[] storage ckpts, uint256 blockNumber) private view returns (uint256) {
        // We run a binary search to look for the earliest checkpoint taken after `blockNumber`.
        //
        // During the loop, the index of the wanted checkpoint remains in the range [low-1, high).
        // With each iteration, either `low` or `high` is moved towards the middle of the range to maintain the invariant.
        // - If the middle checkpoint is after `blockNumber`, we look in [low, mid)
        // - If the middle checkpoint is before or equal to `blockNumber`, we look in [mid+1, high)
        // Once we reach a single value (when low == high), we've found the right checkpoint at the index high-1, if not
        // out of bounds (in which case we're looking too far in the past and the result is 0).
        // Note that if the latest checkpoint available is exactly for `blockNumber`, we end up with an index that is
        // past the end of the array, so we technically don't find a checkpoint after `blockNumber`, but it works out
        // the same.
        uint256 high = ckpts.length;
        uint256 low = 0;
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
            if (ckpts[mid].fromBlock > blockNumber) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        return high == 0 ? 0 : ckpts[high - 1].votes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Delegate votes from the sender to `delegatee`.
     */
    function delegate(address delegatee) public virtual override {
        _delegate(_msgSender(), delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Delegates votes from signer to `delegatee`
     */
    function delegateBySig(
        address delegatee,
        uint256 nonce,
        uint256 expiry,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= expiry, "ERC20Votes: signature expired");
        address signer = ECDSA.recover(
            _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(_DELEGATION_TYPEHASH, delegatee, nonce, expiry))),
            v,
            r,
            s
        );
        require(nonce == _useNonce(signer), "ERC20Votes: invalid nonce");
        _delegate(signer, delegatee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Maximum token supply. Defaults to `type(uint224).max` (2^224^ - 1).
     */
    function _maxSupply() internal view virtual returns (uint224) {
        return type(uint224).max;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been increased.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
        super._mint(account, amount);
        require(totalSupply() <= _maxSupply(), "ERC20Votes: total supply risks overflowing votes");

        _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _add, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Snapshots the totalSupply after it has been decreased.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual override {
        super._burn(account, amount);

        _writeCheckpoint(_totalSupplyCheckpoints, _subtract, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Move voting power when tokens are transferred.
     *
     * Emits a {DelegateVotesChanged} event.
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        _moveVotingPower(delegates(from), delegates(to), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Change delegation for `delegator` to `delegatee`.
     *
     * Emits events {DelegateChanged} and {DelegateVotesChanged}.
     */
    function _delegate(address delegator, address delegatee) internal virtual {
        address currentDelegate = delegates(delegator);
        uint256 delegatorBalance = balanceOf(delegator);
        _delegates[delegator] = delegatee;

        emit DelegateChanged(delegator, currentDelegate, delegatee);

        _moveVotingPower(currentDelegate, delegatee, delegatorBalance);
    }

    function _moveVotingPower(
        address src,
        address dst,
        uint256 amount
    ) private {
        if (src != dst && amount > 0) {
            if (src != address(0)) {
                (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[src], _subtract, amount);
                emit DelegateVotesChanged(src, oldWeight, newWeight);
            }

            if (dst != address(0)) {
                (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) = _writeCheckpoint(_checkpoints[dst], _add, amount);
                emit DelegateVotesChanged(dst, oldWeight, newWeight);
            }
        }
    }

    function _writeCheckpoint(
        Checkpoint[] storage ckpts,
        function(uint256, uint256) view returns (uint256) op,
        uint256 delta
    ) private returns (uint256 oldWeight, uint256 newWeight) {
        uint256 pos = ckpts.length;
        oldWeight = pos == 0 ? 0 : ckpts[pos - 1].votes;
        newWeight = op(oldWeight, delta);

        if (pos > 0 && ckpts[pos - 1].fromBlock == block.number) {
            ckpts[pos - 1].votes = SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight);
        } else {
            ckpts.push(Checkpoint({fromBlock: SafeCast.toUint32(block.number), votes: SafeCast.toUint224(newWeight)}));
        }
    }

    function _add(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    function _subtract(uint256 a, uint256 b) private pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }
}

File 62 of 91 : IERC20Metadata.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

File 63 of 91 : draft-ERC20Permit.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-ERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../ERC20.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import "../../../utils/Counters.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC20Permit, EIP712 {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;

    mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _nonces;

    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private constant _PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
    /**
     * @dev In previous versions `_PERMIT_TYPEHASH` was declared as `immutable`.
     * However, to ensure consistency with the upgradeable transpiler, we will continue
     * to reserve a slot.
     * @custom:oz-renamed-from _PERMIT_TYPEHASH
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private _PERMIT_TYPEHASH_DEPRECATED_SLOT;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
     *
     * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
     */
    constructor(string memory name) EIP712(name, "1") {}

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-permit}.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "ERC20Permit: expired deadline");

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));

        bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);

        address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
        require(signer == owner, "ERC20Permit: invalid signature");

        _approve(owner, spender, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-nonces}.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _nonces[owner].current();
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-DOMAIN_SEPARATOR}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view override returns (bytes32) {
        return _domainSeparatorV4();
    }

    /**
     * @dev "Consume a nonce": return the current value and increment.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256 current) {
        Counters.Counter storage nonce = _nonces[owner];
        current = nonce.current();
        nonce.increment();
    }
}

File 64 of 91 : draft-IERC20Permit.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

File 65 of 91 : SafeERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

File 66 of 91 : ERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _owners[tokenId];
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner nor approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner nor approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner nor approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _owners[tokenId] != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[owner] -= 1;
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        _approve(address(0), tokenId);

        _balances[from] -= 1;
        _balances[to] += 1;
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(
        address owner,
        address operator,
        bool approved
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual {}
}

File 67 of 91 : IERC721.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {safeTransferFrom} whenever possible.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

File 68 of 91 : IERC721Receiver.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

File 69 of 91 : ERC721Enumerable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Enumerable is ERC721, IERC721Enumerable {
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Enumerable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting
     * and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be
     * transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, `tokenId` will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s `tokenId` will be burned.
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId);

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }
}

File 70 of 91 : IERC721Enumerable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

File 71 of 91 : IERC721Metadata.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

File 72 of 91 : Address.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

File 73 of 91 : Context.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

File 74 of 91 : Counters.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Counters.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Counters
 * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
 * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented, decremented or reset. This can be used e.g. to track the number
 * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
 *
 * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
 */
library Counters {
    struct Counter {
        // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
        // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
        // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
        uint256 _value; // default: 0
    }

    function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return counter._value;
    }

    function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
        unchecked {
            counter._value += 1;
        }
    }

    function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
        uint256 value = counter._value;
        require(value > 0, "Counter: decrement overflow");
        unchecked {
            counter._value = value - 1;
        }
    }

    function reset(Counter storage counter) internal {
        counter._value = 0;
    }
}

File 75 of 91 : Strings.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _HEX_SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Inspired by OraclizeAPI's implementation - MIT licence
        // https://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-api/blob/b42146b063c7d6ee1358846c198246239e9360e8/oraclizeAPI_0.4.25.sol

        if (value == 0) {
            return "0";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 digits;
        while (temp != 0) {
            digits++;
            temp /= 10;
        }
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(digits);
        while (value != 0) {
            digits -= 1;
            buffer[digits] = bytes1(uint8(48 + uint256(value % 10)));
            value /= 10;
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        if (value == 0) {
            return "0x00";
        }
        uint256 temp = value;
        uint256 length = 0;
        while (temp != 0) {
            length++;
            temp >>= 8;
        }
        return toHexString(value, length);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _HEX_SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }
}

File 76 of 91 : ECDSA.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.3) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 'v' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 vs
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }
        if (v != 27 && v != 28) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureV);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", hash));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }
}

File 77 of 91 : draft-EIP712.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/cryptography/draft-EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
 * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
 * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
abstract contract EIP712 {
    /* solhint-disable var-name-mixedcase */
    // Cache the domain separator as an immutable value, but also store the chain id that it corresponds to, in order to
    // invalidate the cached domain separator if the chain id changes.
    bytes32 private immutable _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
    uint256 private immutable _CACHED_CHAIN_ID;
    address private immutable _CACHED_THIS;

    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_NAME;
    bytes32 private immutable _HASHED_VERSION;
    bytes32 private immutable _TYPE_HASH;

    /* solhint-enable var-name-mixedcase */

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    constructor(string memory name, string memory version) {
        bytes32 hashedName = keccak256(bytes(name));
        bytes32 hashedVersion = keccak256(bytes(version));
        bytes32 typeHash = keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );
        _HASHED_NAME = hashedName;
        _HASHED_VERSION = hashedVersion;
        _CACHED_CHAIN_ID = block.chainid;
        _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = _buildDomainSeparator(typeHash, hashedName, hashedVersion);
        _CACHED_THIS = address(this);
        _TYPE_HASH = typeHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(this) == _CACHED_THIS && block.chainid == _CACHED_CHAIN_ID) {
            return _CACHED_DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;
        } else {
            return _buildDomainSeparator(_TYPE_HASH, _HASHED_NAME, _HASHED_VERSION);
        }
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator(
        bytes32 typeHash,
        bytes32 nameHash,
        bytes32 versionHash
    ) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(typeHash, nameHash, versionHash, block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return ECDSA.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }
}

File 78 of 91 : ERC165.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

File 79 of 91 : ERC165Checker.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.2) (utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Library used to query support of an interface declared via {IERC165}.
 *
 * Note that these functions return the actual result of the query: they do not
 * `revert` if an interface is not supported. It is up to the caller to decide
 * what to do in these cases.
 */
library ERC165Checker {
    // As per the EIP-165 spec, no interface should ever match 0xffffffff
    bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID = 0xffffffff;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the {IERC165} interface,
     */
    function supportsERC165(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // Any contract that implements ERC165 must explicitly indicate support of
        // InterfaceId_ERC165 and explicitly indicate non-support of InterfaceId_Invalid
        return
            _supportsERC165Interface(account, type(IERC165).interfaceId) &&
            !_supportsERC165Interface(account, _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of both ERC165 as per the spec and support of _interfaceId
        return supportsERC165(account) && _supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a boolean array where each value corresponds to the
     * interfaces passed in and whether they're supported or not. This allows
     * you to batch check interfaces for a contract where your expectation
     * is that some interfaces may not be supported.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function getSupportedInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool[] memory)
    {
        // an array of booleans corresponding to interfaceIds and whether they're supported or not
        bool[] memory interfaceIdsSupported = new bool[](interfaceIds.length);

        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (supportsERC165(account)) {
            // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                interfaceIdsSupported[i] = _supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceIds[i]);
            }
        }

        return interfaceIdsSupported;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports all the interfaces defined in
     * `interfaceIds`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * Batch-querying can lead to gas savings by skipping repeated checks for
     * {IERC165} support.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsAllInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (!supportsERC165(account)) {
            return false;
        }

        // query support of each interface in _interfaceIds
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
            if (!_supportsERC165Interface(account, interfaceIds[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // all interfaces supported
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Query if a contract implements an interface, does not check ERC165 support
     * @param account The address of the contract to query for support of an interface
     * @param interfaceId The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
     * @return true if the contract at account indicates support of the interface with
     * identifier interfaceId, false otherwise
     * @dev Assumes that account contains a contract that supports ERC165, otherwise
     * the behavior of this method is undefined. This precondition can be checked
     * with {supportsERC165}.
     * Interface identification is specified in ERC-165.
     */
    function _supportsERC165Interface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) private view returns (bool) {
        // prepare call
        bytes memory encodedParams = abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC165.supportsInterface.selector, interfaceId);

        // perform static call
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(30000, account, add(encodedParams, 0x20), mload(encodedParams), 0x00, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0x00)
        }

        return success && returnSize >= 0x20 && returnValue > 0;
    }
}

File 80 of 91 : IERC165.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

File 81 of 91 : Math.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. It the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`.
        // We also know that `k`, the position of the most significant bit, is such that `msb(a) = 2**k`.
        // This gives `2**k < a <= 2**(k+1)` → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2 ** (k/2+1)`.
        // Using an algorithm similar to the msb conmputation, we are able to compute `result = 2**(k/2)` which is a
        // good first aproximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1;
        uint256 x = a;
        if (x >> 128 > 0) {
            x >>= 128;
            result <<= 64;
        }
        if (x >> 64 > 0) {
            x >>= 64;
            result <<= 32;
        }
        if (x >> 32 > 0) {
            x >>= 32;
            result <<= 16;
        }
        if (x >> 16 > 0) {
            x >>= 16;
            result <<= 8;
        }
        if (x >> 8 > 0) {
            x >>= 8;
            result <<= 4;
        }
        if (x >> 4 > 0) {
            x >>= 4;
            result <<= 2;
        }
        if (x >> 2 > 0) {
            result <<= 1;
        }

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = sqrt(a);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

File 82 of 91 : SafeCast.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248) {
        require(value >= type(int248).min && value <= type(int248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return int248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240) {
        require(value >= type(int240).min && value <= type(int240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return int240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232) {
        require(value >= type(int232).min && value <= type(int232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return int232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224) {
        require(value >= type(int224).min && value <= type(int224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return int224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216) {
        require(value >= type(int216).min && value <= type(int216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return int216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208) {
        require(value >= type(int208).min && value <= type(int208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return int208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200) {
        require(value >= type(int200).min && value <= type(int200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return int200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192) {
        require(value >= type(int192).min && value <= type(int192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return int192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184) {
        require(value >= type(int184).min && value <= type(int184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return int184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176) {
        require(value >= type(int176).min && value <= type(int176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return int176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168) {
        require(value >= type(int168).min && value <= type(int168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return int168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160) {
        require(value >= type(int160).min && value <= type(int160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return int160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152) {
        require(value >= type(int152).min && value <= type(int152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return int152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144) {
        require(value >= type(int144).min && value <= type(int144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return int144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136) {
        require(value >= type(int136).min && value <= type(int136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return int136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128) {
        require(value >= type(int128).min && value <= type(int128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return int128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120) {
        require(value >= type(int120).min && value <= type(int120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return int120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112) {
        require(value >= type(int112).min && value <= type(int112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return int112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104) {
        require(value >= type(int104).min && value <= type(int104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return int104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96) {
        require(value >= type(int96).min && value <= type(int96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return int96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88) {
        require(value >= type(int88).min && value <= type(int88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return int88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80) {
        require(value >= type(int80).min && value <= type(int80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return int80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72) {
        require(value >= type(int72).min && value <= type(int72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return int72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64) {
        require(value >= type(int64).min && value <= type(int64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return int64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56) {
        require(value >= type(int56).min && value <= type(int56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return int56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48) {
        require(value >= type(int48).min && value <= type(int48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return int48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40) {
        require(value >= type(int40).min && value <= type(int40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return int40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32) {
        require(value >= type(int32).min && value <= type(int32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return int32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24) {
        require(value >= type(int24).min && value <= type(int24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return int24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16) {
        require(value >= type(int16).min && value <= type(int16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return int16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8) {
        require(value >= type(int8).min && value <= type(int8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return int8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

File 83 of 91 : SignedMath.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

File 84 of 91 : OwnableUpgradeable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

File 85 of 91 : Initializable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts. Equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * `initializer` is equivalent to `reinitializer(1)`, so a reinitializer may be used after the original
     * initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that are added through upgrades and that require
     * initialization.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }
}

File 86 of 91 : PausableUpgradeable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

File 87 of 91 : ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

File 88 of 91 : AddressUpgradeable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

File 89 of 91 : ContextUpgradeable.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

File 90 of 91 : Bytes32AddressLib.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Library for converting between addresses and bytes32 values.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/Rari-Capital/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/Bytes32AddressLib.sol)
library Bytes32AddressLib {
    function fromLast20Bytes(bytes32 bytesValue) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(bytesValue)));
    }

    function fillLast12Bytes(address addressValue) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(bytes20(addressValue));
    }
}

File 91 of 91 : FixedPointMathLib.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Arithmetic library with operations for fixed-point numbers.
/// @author Solmate (https://github.com/Rari-Capital/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/FixedPointMathLib.sol)
library FixedPointMathLib {
    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    SIMPLIFIED FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    uint256 internal constant WAD = 1e18; // The scalar of ETH and most ERC20s.

    function mulWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded down.
    }

    function mulWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, y, WAD); // Equivalent to (x * y) / WAD rounded up.
    }

    function divWadDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded down.
    }

    function divWadUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, WAD, y); // Equivalent to (x * WAD) / y rounded up.
    }

    function powWad(int256 x, int256 y) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Equivalent to x to the power of y because x ** y = (e ** ln(x)) ** y = e ** (ln(x) * y)
        return expWad((lnWad(x) * y) / int256(WAD)); // Using ln(x) means x must be greater than 0.
    }

    function expWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            // When the result is < 0.5 we return zero. This happens when
            // x <= floor(log(0.5e18) * 1e18) ~ -42e18
            if (x <= -42139678854452767551) return 0;

            // When the result is > (2**255 - 1) / 1e18 we can not represent it as an
            // int. This happens when x >= floor(log((2**255 - 1) / 1e18) * 1e18) ~ 135.
            if (x >= 135305999368893231589) revert("EXP_OVERFLOW");

            // x is now in the range (-42, 136) * 1e18. Convert to (-42, 136) * 2**96
            // for more intermediate precision and a binary basis. This base conversion
            // is a multiplication by 1e18 / 2**96 = 5**18 / 2**78.
            x = (x << 78) / 5**18;

            // Reduce range of x to (-½ ln 2, ½ ln 2) * 2**96 by factoring out powers
            // of two such that exp(x) = exp(x') * 2**k, where k is an integer.
            // Solving this gives k = round(x / log(2)) and x' = x - k * log(2).
            int256 k = ((x << 96) / 54916777467707473351141471128 + 2**95) >> 96;
            x = x - k * 54916777467707473351141471128;

            // k is in the range [-61, 195].

            // Evaluate using a (6, 7)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we'll multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 y = x + 1346386616545796478920950773328;
            y = ((y * x) >> 96) + 57155421227552351082224309758442;
            int256 p = y + x - 94201549194550492254356042504812;
            p = ((p * y) >> 96) + 28719021644029726153956944680412240;
            p = p * x + (4385272521454847904659076985693276 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            int256 q = x - 2855989394907223263936484059900;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 50020603652535783019961831881945;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 533845033583426703283633433725380;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 3604857256930695427073651918091429;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) - 14423608567350463180887372962807573;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 26449188498355588339934803723976023;

            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial won't have zeros in the domain as all its roots are complex.
                // No scaling is necessary because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r should be in the range (0.09, 0.25) * 2**96.

            // We now need to multiply r by:
            // * the scale factor s = ~6.031367120.
            // * the 2**k factor from the range reduction.
            // * the 1e18 / 2**96 factor for base conversion.
            // We do this all at once, with an intermediate result in 2**213
            // basis, so the final right shift is always by a positive amount.
            r = int256((uint256(r) * 3822833074963236453042738258902158003155416615667) >> uint256(195 - k));
        }
    }

    function lnWad(int256 x) internal pure returns (int256 r) {
        unchecked {
            require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

            // We want to convert x from 10**18 fixed point to 2**96 fixed point.
            // We do this by multiplying by 2**96 / 10**18. But since
            // ln(x * C) = ln(x) + ln(C), we can simply do nothing here
            // and add ln(2**96 / 10**18) at the end.

            // Reduce range of x to (1, 2) * 2**96
            // ln(2^k * x) = k * ln(2) + ln(x)
            int256 k = int256(log2(uint256(x))) - 96;
            x <<= uint256(159 - k);
            x = int256(uint256(x) >> 159);

            // Evaluate using a (8, 8)-term rational approximation.
            // p is made monic, we will multiply by a scale factor later.
            int256 p = x + 3273285459638523848632254066296;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 24828157081833163892658089445524;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) + 43456485725739037958740375743393;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 11111509109440967052023855526967;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 45023709667254063763336534515857;
            p = ((p * x) >> 96) - 14706773417378608786704636184526;
            p = p * x - (795164235651350426258249787498 << 96);

            // We leave p in 2**192 basis so we don't need to scale it back up for the division.
            // q is monic by convention.
            int256 q = x + 5573035233440673466300451813936;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 71694874799317883764090561454958;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 283447036172924575727196451306956;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 401686690394027663651624208769553;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 204048457590392012362485061816622;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 31853899698501571402653359427138;
            q = ((q * x) >> 96) + 909429971244387300277376558375;
            assembly {
                // Div in assembly because solidity adds a zero check despite the unchecked.
                // The q polynomial is known not to have zeros in the domain.
                // No scaling required because p is already 2**96 too large.
                r := sdiv(p, q)
            }

            // r is in the range (0, 0.125) * 2**96

            // Finalization, we need to:
            // * multiply by the scale factor s = 5.549…
            // * add ln(2**96 / 10**18)
            // * add k * ln(2)
            // * multiply by 10**18 / 2**96 = 5**18 >> 78

            // mul s * 5e18 * 2**96, base is now 5**18 * 2**192
            r *= 1677202110996718588342820967067443963516166;
            // add ln(2) * k * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 16597577552685614221487285958193947469193820559219878177908093499208371 * k;
            // add ln(2**96 / 10**18) * 5e18 * 2**192
            r += 600920179829731861736702779321621459595472258049074101567377883020018308;
            // base conversion: mul 2**18 / 2**192
            r >>= 174;
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                    LOW LEVEL FIXED POINT OPERATIONS
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function mulDivDown(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // Divide z by the denominator.
            z := div(z, denominator)
        }
    }

    function mulDivUp(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            // Store x * y in z for now.
            z := mul(x, y)

            // Equivalent to require(denominator != 0 && (x == 0 || (x * y) / x == y))
            if iszero(and(iszero(iszero(denominator)), or(iszero(x), eq(div(z, x), y)))) {
                revert(0, 0)
            }

            // First, divide z - 1 by the denominator and add 1.
            // We allow z - 1 to underflow if z is 0, because we multiply the
            // end result by 0 if z is zero, ensuring we return 0 if z is zero.
            z := mul(iszero(iszero(z)), add(div(sub(z, 1), denominator), 1))
        }
    }

    function rpow(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 n,
        uint256 scalar
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            switch x
            case 0 {
                switch n
                case 0 {
                    // 0 ** 0 = 1
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // 0 ** n = 0
                    z := 0
                }
            }
            default {
                switch mod(n, 2)
                case 0 {
                    // If n is even, store scalar in z for now.
                    z := scalar
                }
                default {
                    // If n is odd, store x in z for now.
                    z := x
                }

                // Shifting right by 1 is like dividing by 2.
                let half := shr(1, scalar)

                for {
                    // Shift n right by 1 before looping to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } n {
                    // Shift n right by 1 each iteration to halve it.
                    n := shr(1, n)
                } {
                    // Revert immediately if x ** 2 would overflow.
                    // Equivalent to iszero(eq(div(xx, x), x)) here.
                    if shr(128, x) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Store x squared.
                    let xx := mul(x, x)

                    // Round to the nearest number.
                    let xxRound := add(xx, half)

                    // Revert if xx + half overflowed.
                    if lt(xxRound, xx) {
                        revert(0, 0)
                    }

                    // Set x to scaled xxRound.
                    x := div(xxRound, scalar)

                    // If n is even:
                    if mod(n, 2) {
                        // Compute z * x.
                        let zx := mul(z, x)

                        // If z * x overflowed:
                        if iszero(eq(div(zx, x), z)) {
                            // Revert if x is non-zero.
                            if iszero(iszero(x)) {
                                revert(0, 0)
                            }
                        }

                        // Round to the nearest number.
                        let zxRound := add(zx, half)

                        // Revert if zx + half overflowed.
                        if lt(zxRound, zx) {
                            revert(0, 0)
                        }

                        // Return properly scaled zxRound.
                        z := div(zxRound, scalar)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                        GENERAL NUMBER UTILITIES
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////*/

    function sqrt(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            let y := x // We start y at x, which will help us make our initial estimate.

            z := 181 // The "correct" value is 1, but this saves a multiplication later.

            // This segment is to get a reasonable initial estimate for the Babylonian method. With a bad
            // start, the correct # of bits increases ~linearly each iteration instead of ~quadratically.

            // We check y >= 2^(k + 8) but shift right by k bits
            // each branch to ensure that if x >= 256, then y >= 256.
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000000000000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(128, y)
                z := shl(64, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000000000000000)) {
                y := shr(64, y)
                z := shl(32, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x10000000000)) {
                y := shr(32, y)
                z := shl(16, z)
            }
            if iszero(lt(y, 0x1000000)) {
                y := shr(16, y)
                z := shl(8, z)
            }

            // Goal was to get z*z*y within a small factor of x. More iterations could
            // get y in a tighter range. Currently, we will have y in [256, 256*2^16).
            // We ensured y >= 256 so that the relative difference between y and y+1 is small.
            // That's not possible if x < 256 but we can just verify those cases exhaustively.

            // Now, z*z*y <= x < z*z*(y+1), and y <= 2^(16+8), and either y >= 256, or x < 256.
            // Correctness can be checked exhaustively for x < 256, so we assume y >= 256.
            // Then z*sqrt(y) is within sqrt(257)/sqrt(256) of sqrt(x), or about 20bps.

            // For s in the range [1/256, 256], the estimate f(s) = (181/1024) * (s+1) is in the range
            // (1/2.84 * sqrt(s), 2.84 * sqrt(s)), with largest error when s = 1 and when s = 256 or 1/256.

            // Since y is in [256, 256*2^16), let a = y/65536, so that a is in [1/256, 256). Then we can estimate
            // sqrt(y) using sqrt(65536) * 181/1024 * (a + 1) = 181/4 * (y + 65536)/65536 = 181 * (y + 65536)/2^18.

            // There is no overflow risk here since y < 2^136 after the first branch above.
            z := shr(18, mul(z, add(y, 65536))) // A mul() is saved from starting z at 181.

            // Given the worst case multiplicative error of 2.84 above, 7 iterations should be enough.
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))
            z := shr(1, add(z, div(x, z)))

            // If x+1 is a perfect square, the Babylonian method cycles between
            // floor(sqrt(x)) and ceil(sqrt(x)). This statement ensures we return floor.
            // See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root#Using_only_integer_division
            // Since the ceil is rare, we save gas on the assignment and repeat division in the rare case.
            // If you don't care whether the floor or ceil square root is returned, you can remove this statement.
            z := sub(z, lt(div(x, z), z))
        }
    }

    function log2(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint256 r) {
        require(x > 0, "UNDEFINED");

        assembly {
            r := shl(7, lt(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff, x))
            r := or(r, shl(6, lt(0xffffffffffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(5, lt(0xffffffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(4, lt(0xffff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(3, lt(0xff, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(2, lt(0xf, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, shl(1, lt(0x3, shr(r, x))))
            r := or(r, lt(0x1, shr(r, x)))
        }
    }
}

Settings
{
  "remappings": [
    "@openzeppelin/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts/=node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/",
    "@rari-capital/=node_modules/@rari-capital/",
    "@rari-capital/solmate/=node_modules/@rari-capital/solmate/",
    "ds-test/=node_modules/ds-test/src/",
    "forge-std/=node_modules/forge-std/src/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 999999
  },
  "metadata": {
    "bytecodeHash": "none"
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "libraries": {}
}

Contract Security Audit

Contract ABI

[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_bridge","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_remoteToken","type":"address"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_name","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_symbol","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Burn","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Mint","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"BRIDGE","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"REMOTE_TOKEN","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"bridge","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_from","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"burn","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint8","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"subtractedValue","type":"uint256"}],"name":"decreaseAllowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"addedValue","type":"uint256"}],"name":"increaseAllowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"l1Token","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"l2Bridge","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"mint","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"remoteToken","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes4","name":"_interfaceId","type":"bytes4"}],"name":"supportsInterface","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"version","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]

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Swarm Source

none://164736f6c634300080f000a
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